VOL 29 *No.2http://www.pesting.org.rs/2014.phphttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/12062022-09-04T05:08:43Z2022-09-04T05:08:43ZPhytotoxic effects of fungicides, insecticides and nonpesticidal components on pepper depending on water qualityVukovic, SlavicaIndjic, DusankaGvozdenac, Sonjahttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/14992016-12-03T14:14:23ZPhytotoxic effects of fungicides, insecticides and nonpesticidal components on pepper depending on water quality
Vukovic, Slavica; Indjic, Dusanka; Gvozdenac, Sonja
Modern agriculture relies on simultaneous application of fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers
and adjuvants. The selection of compounds for tank-mixes has been rarely studied and it
presents a risk in the application of pesticides but the quality of water should also be considered.
The aim of this study was to assess the phytotoxic effects of several fungicides, insecticides,
a complex fertilizer, an adjuvant and their mixtures on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) as a
test plant, depending on water quality. The effects of the pesticides: azoxystrobin (Quadris,
0.75 l/ha), mancozeb (Dithane M-70, 2.5 kg/ha), thiamethoxam (Actara 25-WG, 0.07 kg/ha)
and cypermethrin (Cipkord EC-20, 0.3 l/ha), a complex fertilizer (Mortonijc plus /hereinafter:
M+/ 3kg/ha), an adjuvant (Sillwet 77-L, 0.1 l/ha) and their mixtures, were assessed depending
on the quality of water (well water – slightly alkaline, very hard and with high nitrite content;
tap water – neutral and slightly hard; surface water – alkaline, slightly hard and with high
content of nitrite and ammonia) using a puncture method. The effects were assessed after
seven days by measuring the diameter of chlorosis and/or necrosis around puncture sites, and
were expressed in mm2. The significance of differences between treatments was analyzed
using a one-way ANOVA (LSD 0.05 %). In the slightly alkaline and very hard well water, all
spray liquids containing Dithane M-70 caused a significant increase in leaf chlorosis area (from
6.0 to 25.2 mm2), compared to the control and other treatments. In the neutral and slightly
hard tap water, all spray liquids containing Dithane M-70 caused a significant increase in leaf
chlorosis (5.3 to 7.9 mm2) compared to the control and the other spray liquids, although its
phytotoxicity in that water was at a lower level than it was in well water. However, in the
weakly alkaline and slightly hard surface water from the river Sava, Dithane M–70, Dithane
M-70 + Actara WG-25, Dithane M-70 + Sillwet L-77, and Dithane M-70 + Actara 25-WG + M+
showed a significant increase in phytotoxicity, compared to the control.; Savremena poljoprivreda teži istovremenoj primeni fungicida, insekticida, kompleksnih
đubriva i ađuvanata. Izbor jedinjenja za tank-miks malo je proučen i predstavlja rizik u
primeni pesticida, međutim treba imati u vidu i kvalitet vode. Cilj rada je bio da se ispitaju
efekti fungicida, insekticida, kompleksnog đubriva, ađuvanta i njihovih mešavina zavisno od
kvaliteta vode. Kao test biljka poslužila je paprika (Capsicum annuum L). Metodom uboda
ispitani su fitotoksični efekti pojedinačnih pesticida: azoksistrobin (Quadris, 0,75 l/ha), mankozeb
(Dithane M-70, 2,5 kg/ha), tiametoksam (Actara 25-WG, 0,07 kg/ha) i cipermetrin (Cipkord
20-EC, 0,3 l/ha), zatim kompleksno đubrivo (Mortonijc plus /u daljem tekstu M+/, 3 kg/ha) i
ađuvant (Sillwet L-77, 0,1 l/ha), kao i njihovih mešavina, zavisno od kvaliteta vode (bunarska
voda, slabo alkalna, jako tvrda, povećan sadržaj nitrita; česmenska, neutralna, slabo tvrda;
površinska voda, alkalna, slabo tvrda, povećan sadržaj nitrita i amonijaka). Ocena je izvedena
posle sedam dana, merenjem prečnika hloroze i/ili nekroze oko uboda na listu i izražena
je u mm2. Analizom varijanse (ANOVA) određena je značajnost razlika (NZR 0,05%) između
tretmana. U slabo alkalnoj, jako tvrdoj bunarskoj vodi, sve radne tečnosti koje su sadržale
preparat Dithane M-70, prouzrokovale su značajno povećanje hloroze na listovima test
biljaka (6,0-25,2 mm2) u odnosu na kontrolu i na druge varijante. U česmenskoj, neutralnoj
i slabo tvrdoj vodi, takođe sve radne tečnosti sa preparatom Dithane M-70, prouzrokovale
su značajno povećanje hloroze na listovima biljaka (5,3-7,9 mm2) kako u odnosu na kontrolu
tako i u odnosu na druge radne tečnosti u kojima nije sadržan, iako je u ovoj vodi nivo
fitotoksičnosti na nižem nivou u odnosu na one u bunarskoj vodi. Međutim u slabo alkalnoj,
slabo tvrdoj površinskoj vodi iz reke Save značajno povećanje fitotoksičnosti u odnosu na
kontrolu zabeleženo je samo primenom radnih tečnosti Dithane M-70, Dithane M-70+Actara
25-WG, Dithane M-70+Sillwet L-77 i Dithane M-70+Actara 25-WG+M+.
The effectiveness of potassium phosphite and captan mixture in controlling Venturia inaequalis in apple orchardsAleksic, GoranPopovic, TatjanaStarovic, MiraKuzmanovic, SlobodankaDolovac, NenadJosic, DraganaGavrilovic, Veljkohttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/14982016-12-03T14:14:03ZThe effectiveness of potassium phosphite and captan mixture in controlling Venturia inaequalis in apple orchards
Aleksic, Goran; Popovic, Tatjana; Starovic, Mira; Kuzmanovic, Slobodanka; Dolovac, Nenad; Josic, Dragana; Gavrilovic, Veljko
Venturia inaequalis is a common apple disease in Serbia and its intensity depends on
weather conditions. The most successful method of combating apple scab is to use a lower
dose of an active ingredient and increase its effectiveness by adding substances that do not
cause environmental damage.
The effectiveness of a fungicide mixture of captan and potassium phosphite against
V. inaequalis was investigated in apple orchards in 2008 and 2009. A relevant EPPO standard
method was used in all trials. Captan 50 WP was used as a standard fungicide. In order to
determine the exact conditions marking the onset of apple infection, key meteorological
conditions were monitored in the orchards using an automated iMetos weather station and a
Lufft electronic instrument. The results showed high efficacy of the tested fungicides which
remained similar in both years of investigation. The intensity of leaf infection after treatment
with the mixture of captan and potassium phosphite was 0.7-2.4%, while fruit infection was
0.5-3.0%. The efficacy of this mixture ranged from 96.3-97.9% on leaves and 87.4-98.7% on
fruits. The standard fungicide Captan 50 WP showed an efficacy ranging from 95.3-96.7%
on leaves and from 87.8-99.3% on fruits. No statistically significant differences were found
between the fungicide tested and the standard fungicide.; Venturia inaequalis je široko rasprostranjena bolest jabuke u Srbiji, a njen intenzitet zavisi
od vremenskih uslova. Najuspešniji metod borbe protiv čađave krastavosti jabuke je korišćenje
manjih doza aktivnih materija uz istovremeno povećavanje efikasnosti dodavanjem supstanci
koje ne prouzrokuju štetu u životnoj sredini.
Tokom 2008 i 2009 godine, proučavana je efikasnost fungicidne mešavine kaptana i
kalijum fosfita protiv V. inaequalis u jabučnjacima. U svim ogledima je korišćen standardni
EPPO metod. Captan 50 WP je korišćen kao standardni fungicid. Kako bi se tačno odredili
uslovi za početak zaraze na jabuci, praćeni su osnovni meteorološki parametri u voćnjacima
pomoću iMetos stanice i elektronskog uređaja Lufft. Rezultati su pokazali visoku efikasnost
testiranih fungicida koja je bila slična u obe godine istraživanja. Intenzitet zaraze lista nakon
tretmana mešavinom kaptana i kalijum fosfita bio je 0.7-2.4%, dok je zaraženost plodova bila
0.5-3.0%. Efikasnost mešavine bila je 96.3-97.9% na listovima, a 87.4-98.7% na plodovima.
Standardni fungicid Captan 50 WP pokazao je efikasnost u opsegu 95.3-96.7% na listovima
i 87.8-99.3% na plodovima. Nisu konstatovane statistički značajne razlike između ispitivanog
i standardnog fungicida.
Control of winter forage pea diseases by pea-oat intercropping under field conditionsZivanov, DaliborJevtic, RadivojeTancic, SonjaVasiljevic, SanjaMasirevic, Stevanhttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/14972016-12-03T14:14:09ZControl of winter forage pea diseases by pea-oat intercropping under field conditions
Zivanov, Dalibor; Jevtic, Radivoje; Tancic, Sonja; Vasiljevic, Sanja; Masirevic, Stevan
A field experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the Institute of Field and
Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad to investigate the effect of forage winter pea and winter oat
intercropping on ascochyta blight and powdery mildew infections. Seeding rations of pea
and oat in Treatment 1 (50:50%) and Treatment 2 (75:25%, respectively) reduced ascochyta
leaf infection by 32.5% and 12.8%, and powdery mildew infection by 12.3% and 17.5%,
respectively, compared to pea monoculture used as a control (Treatment 3). The same
seeding rations in Treatment 1 and 2 reduced ascochyta blight on pea plants by 37.2% and
18.3%, respectively. However, there were no significant differences between the treatments
in reducing powdery mildew on plants.
The effects of different treatments on the average number of pods per plant, seed per
pod, shriveled pods and seed weight were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficient.
Negative but not statistically significant effects on those measured parameters were registered
in Treatments 2 and 3, while Treatment 1 showed positive effects on all parameters except
shriveled pods.
According to all data obtained in this research, the intercropping mixture of pea and
oat at 50:50% seeding ratio had the best effect on the measured parameters while the
intercropping mixture of pea and oat at 75:25% seeding ratio had low to moderate effect in
comparison with pea monocrop.; Poljski ogled je postavljen na oglednom polju Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u
Novom Sadu kako bi se istražio uticaj smeše ozimog stočnog graška i ozimog ovsa na pojavu
antraknoze i pepelnice. Smeše graška i ovsa u Tretmanu 1 (50:50%) i Tretmanu 2 (75:25%)
smanjile su antraknozu lista za 32.5% i 12.8%, a pepelnicu za 12.3% i 17.5% u odnosu na
monokulturu graška, koja je uzeta za kontrolu (Tretman 3). Navedene smeše u Tretmanima
1 i 2 su smanjile pojavu antraknoze celih biljaka za 37.2% i 18.3%. Međutim, između tretmana
nije uočena značajnija razlika u pojavi pepelnice na celoj biljci graška.
Uticaj tretmana na prosečan broj mahuna po biljci, šturih mahuna po biljci, zrna po
mahuni i mase semena analizirani su Spearman-ovim koeficijentom korelacije. Negativne ali
ne statistički značajne korelacije sa merenim parametrima su registrovane u Tretmanima 2 i
3, dok je Tretman 1 imao pozitivan efekat na merene parametre sa izuzetkom šturih mahuna.
Prema dobijenim rezultatima u sprovedenom istraživanju, združena setva ozimog stočnog
graška i ozimog ovsa u smeši 50:50% je imala najbolji efekat na istraživane parametre dok
je združeni usev graška i ovsa u smeši 75:25% imao slab do srednji uticaj u poređenju sa
kontrolom, odnosno monokulturom graška.
Comparative morphological analysis of apple blister mite, Eriophyes mali Nal., a new pest in SerbiaVidovic, BiljanaMarinkovic, SlavicaMaric, IvanaPetanovic, Radmilahttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/14962016-12-03T14:13:55ZComparative morphological analysis of apple blister mite, Eriophyes mali Nal., a new pest in Serbia
Vidovic, Biljana; Marinkovic, Slavica; Maric, Ivana; Petanovic, Radmila
The apple blister mite, Eriophyes mali Nalepa, 1926 (Acari: Prostigmata: Eriophyoidea), has
been recently found in Serbia as a new pest of apple. The history of its research, the results
of a morphological analysis and degree of infestation are presented. A comparison of the
main morphological features of mites from different populations of remote geographical
origin has shown that the apple blister mite from Serbia is most similar to another European
population (Bulgarian [or Austrian?]) while it differs from E. mali originating from the USA
and New Zealand. The percentage of infestation varied from 1.6% to 87.6%, with an average
of 22.4%.; Eriofida plikastih gala lista jabuke - Eriophyes mali Nalepa, 1926 (Acari: Prostigmata:
Eriophyoidea), po prvi put je registrovana kao nova štetočina jabuke na teritoriji Srbije.
Prisustvo E. mali je do sada zabeleženo u Severnoj Americi, na Novom Zelandu, u evropskom
delu Rusije, u Južnoj Africi, Zimbabveu i mnogim evropskim zemljama.
Zbog velike morfološke sličnosti i pojave istih simptoma na jabuci i krušci, dugo je
E. mali smatrana varijetetom E. pyri – eriofide plikastih gala lista kruške. Do saznanja da se radi
o različitim vrstama došlo se nakon detaljne analize morfoloških karaktera.
U radu je obrađen taksonomski status vrste E. mali, predstavljeni su rezultati analize
morfoloških karaktera i stepena infestacije lisne površine.
Poređenjem E. mali sa različitih lokaliteta uočavaju se razlike u pojedinim morfološkim
karakterima, koje mogu biti uslovljene njihovom geografskom distribucijom. E. mali iz Evrope
se razlikuje od one iz USA i Novog Zelanda. E. mali iz Srbije je najsličnija populaciji E. mali koju
je opisao Nalepa (1926) iz Evrope.
Usled ishrane E. mali biljnim sokovima po površini lista formiraju se gale u vidu plikova
koje su na početku sitne, 2-3 mm, svetlo zelene boje, tokom vegetacije se povećavaju, a
potom pocrne i osuše se. Procenat infestirane lisne površine se kretao od 1,6% do 87,6%,
dok je prosečan procenat infestirane površine, izražen kao aritmetička sredina dobijenih
vrednosti, bio 22,4%.