VOL 28 *No.4http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/12132024-01-22T21:18:07Z2024-01-22T21:18:07ZControl of Green Apple Aphid (Aphis pomi De Geer) in Organic Apple ProductionMilenkovic, SlobodanMarcic, DejanRuzicic, Lazarhttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/14852016-12-03T14:14:58ZControl of Green Apple Aphid (Aphis pomi De Geer) in Organic Apple Production
Milenkovic, Slobodan; Marcic, Dejan; Ruzicic, Lazar
The efficacy of different methods for controlling populations of green apple aphid
(Aphis pomi De Geer) in organic apple orchard was compared over three consecutive years.
The following three control methods were tested: a) predator activity (Coccinela septempunctata),
b) predator activity (C. septempunctata) + selective spraying of trees with infestation
level exceeding 10% with a botanical insecticide (NeemAzal T/S), and c) predator activity
(C. septempunctata) + total spraying of all orchard trees with the botanical insecticide
(NeemAzal T/S). In terms of maintaining a biological balance within an orchard, the combination
of natural regulation by C. septempunctata and selective spraying of individual trees
with NeemAzal T/S proved to be the most efficient method.; Upoređivana je efikasnost različitih metoda suzbijanja populacija zelene vaši jabuke (Aphis
pomi De Geer) u organskom zasadu jabuka tokom tri godine. Ispitane su tri metode suzbijanja:
a) aktivnost predatora (Coccinela septempunctata), b) aktivnost predatora (C. septempunctata)
+ selektovno prskanje stabala sa preko 10% zaraženosti botaničkim insekticidom
(NeemAzal T/S) i c) aktivnost predatora (C. septempunctata) + prskanje svih stabala u voćnjaku
botaničkim insekticidom (NeemAzal T/S). Sa stanovišta održavanja biološke ravnoteže u
voćnjaku, najefikasniji metod predstavljala je kombinacija prirodne regulacije putem vrste
C. septempunctata i selektivnog prskanja pojedinačnih stabala preparatom NeemAzal T/S.
Development of a Thyme Essential Oil Formulation and Its Effect on Monilinia fructigenaTanovic, BrankicaGasic, SlavicaHrustic, JovanaMihajlovic, MilicaGrahovac, MilaDelibasic, GoranStevanovic, Marijahttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/14842016-12-03T14:14:53ZDevelopment of a Thyme Essential Oil Formulation and Its Effect on Monilinia fructigena
Tanovic, Brankica; Gasic, Slavica; Hrustic, Jovana; Mihajlovic, Milica; Grahovac, Mila; Delibasic, Goran; Stevanovic, Marija
Antifungal activity of thyme essential oil against Monilinia fructigena and development
of an effective and stable oil formulation for agricultural use were studied in this paper.
Bioactivity of the oil itself and its developed formulation, an emulsifiable concentrate (EC),
was tested in vitro and in vivo. In vitro experiments, using a slightly modified agar overlay technique,
showed that the initially emulsified thyme essential oil, as well as the developed formulation,
significantly inhibited mycelial growth of M. fructigena in vitro. Experiments in vivo,
performed on inoculated apple fruits, revealed that the formulation successfully decreased
oil evaporation from the treated area and provided a significant level of M. fructigena suppression,
64.7-72.1% compared to the control. To our knowledge, an EC formulation of thyme
essential oil for agricultural uses had never been developed before. The presented results are
initial findings and evaluation of product activity should be continued in the field to determine
its efficacy and activity spectrum, and to estimate the economic aspect of its use.; U radu je proučavana antifungalna aktivnost etarskog ulja timijana na Monilinia fructigena,
kao i mogućnost razvoja efikasne i stabilne formulacije ulja za upotrebu u poljoprivredi.
Bioaktivnost etarskog ulja kao i razvijene formulacije – koncentrata za emulziju
(EC) testirana je u ogledima in vitro i in vivo. Ogledi in vitro, izvedeni po delimično modifikovanoj
metodi testiranja antimikrobne aktivnosti na površini agara, pokazali su da i
inicijalno emulgovano ulje i razvijena formulacija značajno inhibiraju porast micelije izolata
M. fructigena. U ogledima in vivo na inokulisanim plodovima jabuke pokazano je da
je procesom formulisanja značajno smanjena isparljivost ulja sa tretirane površine i postignuta
inhibicija razvoja mrke truleži ploda 64,7-72,1% u poređenju sa kontrolom. Koliko
nam je poznato, u ovom radu je po prvi put razvijena EC formulacija etarskog ulja timijana
za upotrebu u poljoprivredi. Dobijeni rezultati predstavljaju početak istraživanja
koje treba dopuniti rezultatima ispitivanja efekata razvijene formulacije u uslovima praktične
primene, proučavanja spektra njenog delovanja, kao i ekonomske isplativosti njene
primene.
Phytotoxicity of Chlorpyrifos to White Mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.): Potential Indicators of Insecticide Presence in WaterGvozdenac, SonjaIndjic, DusankaVukovic, Slavicahttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/14832016-12-03T14:14:42ZPhytotoxicity of Chlorpyrifos to White Mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.): Potential Indicators of Insecticide Presence in Water
Gvozdenac, Sonja; Indjic, Dusanka; Vukovic, Slavica
Chlorpyrifos is a hazardous insecticide and important pollutant of the environment.
The EU Directive 2008/105/EC lists it as one of the priority water pollutants. Its presence
is mainly detected by chemical methods but, since biological tests have gained in importance
in the last few years, this study aimed to assess the potentials of white mustard
(Sinapis alba L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) as indicators of water pollution. The phytotoxic
effects of chlorpyrifos (rates 0.05-10μg a.i./l) were assessed based on physiological (germination
energy and germination) and morphological traits (root and shoot length, fresh
and dry weights) of the tested species. A slightly modified filter paper method was used
and the results were processed by Duncan`s multiple range test and Probit analysis (EC50).
According to the Directive, the maximal allowable concentration (MAC) of chlorpyrifos
in water is 0.1μg a.i./l. When applied at the MAC value, chlorpyrifos inhibited germination
energy and germination (11.25%) of white mustard, as compared to the control (91.5;
93.5%), and its hypocotyls and epicotyls failed to form. At the rates 50% below the MAC,
germination energy and germination (87.75; 88.25%) were significanty inhibited, as well
as root and shoot growth of seedlings. Chlorpyrofos did not affect the germination energy
and germination of maize, while all morphological traits were significantly reduced by
chlorpyrifos at the MAC rate. The EC50 of chlorpyrifos was 0.09μg a.i./l for germination of
white mustard and 3.21μg a.i./l for maize.; Insekticid hlopririfos prema Direktivi 2008/105/EC svrstan je među prioritetne polutante vode
i takođe značajan polutant životne sredine. Njegovo prisustvo se detektuje uglavnom hemijskim
metodama, međutim biološki testovi sve više dobijaju na značaju u poslednjih nekoliko
godina te je cilj ovog rada bila procena potencijala bele slačice (Sinapis alba L.) i kukuruza
(Zea mays L.) kao bioindikatora kontaminacije vode. Fitotoksični efekti hlopririfosa (količine 0,05-
10μg a.m./l vode) su procenjeni preko fizioloških (energija klijanja i klijavost) i morfoloških parametara
(dužina korena i izdanka, sveža i suva masa korena i izdanka) ispitivanih vrsta. Korišćena
je modifikovana metoda na filtar hartiji. Podaci su obrađeni Dankanovim testom višestrukih
poređenja i Probit analiza pri određivanju toksičnosti (EC50). Prema pomenutoj Direktivi, maksimalno
dozvoljena količina (MAC) hlorpirofosa u vodi je 0,1 μg a.m./l vode. Pri primeni hlorpirifosa
u MAC količini, energija klijanja i klijavost semena bele slačice (11,25%) su bile značajno inhibirane
u poređenju sa kontrolom (91,5; 93,5%) dok je formiranje hipokotila i epikotila izostalo.
U količini 50% nižoj do MAC (0,05 μg a.m. /l), energija klijanja i klijavost (87,75; 88,25%) su u poređenju
sa kontrolom bile značajno smanjene, kao i dužina korena i izdanka ponika. Hlorpirifos
nije uticao na energiju klijanja i klijavost semena kukuruza, dok su morfološki parametri bili značajno
smanjeni već pri primeni inskticida u količini od 0,1 μg a.m./l. Toksičnost hlorpirifosa, to jest
EC50 za klijavost semena bele slačice je iznosila 0,09 μg a.m./l, a za kukuruz 3,21 μg a.m./l vode.
Efficacy of Different Insecticides in Controlling Pollen Beetle (Meligetes aeneus F.) in Rapeseed CropMilovanovic, PredragKljajic, PetarAndric, GoranPrazic-Golic, MarijanaPopovic, Tatjanahttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/14822016-12-03T14:14:26ZEfficacy of Different Insecticides in Controlling Pollen Beetle (Meligetes aeneus F.) in Rapeseed Crop
Milovanovic, Predrag; Kljajic, Petar; Andric, Goran; Prazic-Golic, Marijana; Popovic, Tatjana
Since pollen beetle, M. aeneus, is usually controlled by insecticides, the efficacy of several
compounds with different modes of action against adult beetles was studied in a threeyear
field study. The selected insecticides were: three pyrethroids (lambda-cyhalothrin,
alpha-cypermethrin and bifenthrin), an oganophosphate (pirimiphos-methyl), a combination
of an organophosphate and a pyrethroid (chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin) and a neonicotinoid
(thiacloprid). The insecticides were applied at label rates to winter rapeseed crops
at the moment of visible but still closed flower buds (BBCH 55-57). In all experiments, the
efficacy of pyrethroids and the organophosphate ranged from 90-100%, while the efficacy
of the neonicotinoid was 85-95%. Therefore, they can be recommended for control of pollen
beetle in Serbia.; S obzirom da gajenje uljane repice za sobom povlači i primenu insekticida za suzbijanje
repičinog sjajnika kao najštetnije insekatske vrste, u radu je tokom trogodišnjih poljskih ogleda
(2008-2010. godina) na tri lokaliteta (Kovin, Smederevo i Požarevac) ispitana efikasnost
insekticida rаzličitih mehаnizаmа delovаnjа: piretroidа (lаmbdа-cihаlotrin, аlfа-cipermetrin,
bifentrin), orgаnofosfаtа (pirimifos-metil), kombinаcije orgаnofosfаtа i piretroidа (hlorpirifos
+ cipermetrin) i neonikotinoidа (tiаkloprid) za imaga M. aeneus. Komercijalne formulacije insekticida
su primenjivаne u preporučenim dozаmа u usevima ozime uljаne repice u vreme
vidljivih cvetnih pupoljaka, ali još zatvorenih (BBCH 55-57). Efikasnost piretroida i organofosfata
je tokom svih ogleda bila 90-100%, a neonikotinoida 85-95%, pa se zbog ispoljene visoke
efikasnosti može preporučiti njihova primena u Srbiji.