VOL 24 *No.2http://www.pesting.org.rs/2009.phphttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/12312024-03-29T00:58:32Z2024-03-29T00:58:32ZEffect of Selenium, Molybdenum and Zinc on Seedling Growth and Frequency of Grain Weevil (Sitophilus granarius) in Triticale GrainsKastori, RudolfKadar, Imrehttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/13312016-12-03T14:14:24ZEffect of Selenium, Molybdenum and Zinc on Seedling Growth and Frequency of Grain Weevil (Sitophilus granarius) in Triticale Grains
Kastori, Rudolf; Kadar, Imre
The effects of different doses (0, 90, 270, 810 kg/ha) of selenium, molybdenum and zinc
microelements on their translocation and accumulation in grains, seedling growth and
grain infestation were examined under field conditions on a calcareous chernozem soil.
Thirteen years after the application of selenium, molybdenum and zinc, significant translocation
and accumulation of these elements in the grain were established, indicating a
long-term effect of these microelements on triticale plants. The highest degree of accumulation
in grains and seedling shoots was found for selenium, then molybdenum, while the
detected amounts of zinc were significantly lower. The degree of accumulation of all three
microelements in the grain and seedling shoot increased as doses increased. Translocation
index from shoot to grain at the grain-filling phase was the highest when zinc was used,
then selenium, and the lowest when molybdenum was applied. The highest translocation
index from the grain during germination into seedling shoots was obtained with zinc, then
molybdenum and selenium. Translocation indexes of the investigated elements significantly
decreased as the doses of elements increased. Dry weight of seedling shoots decreased
as molybdenum and zinc in grain increased. High selenium concentration moderately
stimulated seedling development, pointing out a high tolerance of triticale to higher concentration
of this microelement at initial development stages. Infestatation with grain weevil
was provoked by high concentrations of these microelements in the grain. High concentrations
of zinc and selenium, in particular, significantly decreased the percentage of damaged
grains, while molybdenum moderately increased their numbers. The effect of zinc
and molybdenum may be attributed to their chemical effect, while selenium effect may
also be referred to a negative effect of the volatile selenium compound. The effect of selenium,
molybdenum and zinc contamination of grains on the seedling growth and frequency
of grain weevil was different, and the emphasis was on selenium.; Na karbonatnom černozemu, u poljskim uslovima proučeno je dejstvo različitih doza (0,
90, 270, 810 kg/ha) mikroelemenata selena, molibdena i cinka na njihovu translokaciju i akumulaciju
u zrnu tritikalea, na rast ponika i zaraženost zrna pšeničnim žiškom.
Trinaest godina posle upotrebe selena, molibdena i cinka utvrđena je njihova značajna
translokacija i akumulacija u zrno, što ukazuje da je dugi niz godina nakon njihove primene
značajan deo ostao u zemljištu u obliku pristupačnom za biljke. Stepen akumulacije u zrnu
i u izdanku ponika bio je daleko najveći kod selena, manji kod molibdena, a znatno manji
kod cinka. Stepen akumulacije sva tri elementa u zrnu i u izdanku ponika se povećao povećanjem
primenjenih doza. Indeks translokacije iz izdanka u zrno u toku njegovog nalivanja
bio je najveći kod cinka, zatim kod selena, najmanji kod molibdena, a iz zrna u toku klijanja
u izdanak ponika kod cinka, molibdena i selena. Indeks translokacije ispitivanih elemenata
značajno se smanjio povećanjem primenjenih doza. Masa suve materije izdanka ponika
smanjila se povećanjem sadržaja molibdena i cinka u zrnu, dok je visoka koncentracija
selena u zrnu delovala blago stimulativno na razvoj ponika, što ukazuje na visoku tolerantnost
tritikalea u početnim fazama razvoja na prisustvo veće koncentracije ovog elementa.
Visoka koncentracija ispitivanih mikroelemenata u zrnu uticala je i na pojavu pšeničnog žiška.
Visoke koncentracije cinka, a posebno selena, značajno su smanjile udeo oštećenih zrna,
dok ih je prisusutvo molibdena blago povećalo. Dejstvo cinka i molibdena može se pripisati
njihovom hemijskom dejstvu, dok se u slučaju selena ne isključuje i odbojni efekat isparljivog
jedinjenja selena. Uticaj kontaminacije zrna selenom, molibdenom i cinkom na rast ponika
i intenzitet pojave pšeničnog žiška bio je različit, posebno u slučaju selena.
Effectiveness of Azadirachtin (NeemAzal-T/S) in Controlling Pear Psylla (Cacopsylla pyri) and European Red Mite (Panonychus ulmi)Marcic, DejanOgurlic, IrenaPrijovic, MirjanaPeric, Pantelijahttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/13302016-12-03T14:14:18ZEffectiveness of Azadirachtin (NeemAzal-T/S) in Controlling Pear Psylla (Cacopsylla pyri) and European Red Mite (Panonychus ulmi)
Marcic, Dejan; Ogurlic, Irena; Prijovic, Mirjana; Peric, Pantelija
Here we present the results of field trials conducted in Serbia to evaluate the effectiveness
of a neem-based product, NeemAzal-T/S (containing azadirachtin-A as its active ingredient
in the form of an emulsifiable concentrate) against pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyri) and
European red mite (Panonychus ulmi).
Efficacy evaluation against C. pyri was carried out in a commercial pear orchard of the
Williams pear cultivar, located at Borkovac (Ruma). The insecticides were applied at BBCH
09 pear growth stage, several days before the beginning of hatching of the first generation
larvae. The efficacy of azadirachtin was compared to that of mineral oil, abamectin
and diflubenzuron. Efficacy evaluation 18 DAT showed total termination of egg laying
by C. pyri after treatments with azadirachtin and abamectin, while some new (white) eggs
were found after treatment with mineral oil. Diflubenzuron treatment failed to fully stop
egg laying, but the number of white eggs was significantly lower than it was in the control.
Azadirachtin and abamectin achieved 100% efficacy, while the effectiveness of mineral oil
was 97.4%, and that of diflubenzuron a mere 59%. All four insecticides significantly reduced
the number of older (yellow) eggs and larvae, the efficacy being 80.5-92.6% (yellow eggs),
69.8-79.3% (larvae I-III instar) and 94.3-100% (larvae IV-V instar). In evaluation 38 DAT, azadirachtin,
abamectin and mineral oil achieved 100% efficacy against white and yellow eggs,
while diflubenzuron achieved 93% and 86.9% efficacy. All four insecticides were found to
demonstrate high efficacy against I-III instar larvae (99.2-100%), but mineral oil treatment
alone achieved high efficacy against IV-V instar larvae (92.4%) as well.
Efficacy evaluation against P. ulmi was carried out in a commercial orchard of the Red
Chief apple cultivar located at Morović (Šid). Azadirachtin efficacy in controlling a summer
population of European red mite was compared to a mineral oil, clofentezine and spirodiclofen.
The acaricides were applied when the number of P. ulmi motile forms was below
the orientational damage threshold of 3 motile forms per leaf. Azadirachtin reduced significantly
the number of motile forms, leaving it well below damage threshold by the end
of the trial. Good control efficacy was achieved (77.2-90.4%), the highest level of efficacy being recorded at the end of the trial 38 DAT. In mineral oil treatment 7 DAT, efficacy was
92.4%; 14 DAT and 21 DAT it was 75.2% and 78.9%, and it dropped to below 60% at the end
of the trial. The efficacy of clofentezine (39.4-68.2%) was unsatisfactory, which is probably
the result of a resistance developing under high selection pressure of these compounds in
the Morović locality in preceding years, while the newly introduced acaricide spirodiclofen
showed high and long-lasting efficacy (97.2%, 38 DAT).
The results of the trials are discussed in terms of improving management of the populations
of European red mite and pear psylla.; Prikazani su rezultati poljskih ogleda realizovanih u Srbiji u cilju ocene efektivnosti nimderivata
NeemAzal-T/S (koji sadrži azadirahtin-A kao aktivnu materiju u formi koncentrata
za emulziju) u suzbijanju kruškine buve (Cacopsylla pyri) i crvene voćne grinje (Panonychus
ulmi).
Ogled ocene efektivnosti suzbijanja C. pyri izveden je u komercijalnom zasadu kruške
sorte Viljamovka u Borkovcu (Ruma). Insekticidi su primenjeni u fenofazi BBCH 09, nekoliko
dana pre početka piljenja larvi prve generacije. Efikasnost azadirahtina upoređena je sa efikasnošću
mineralnog ulja, abamektina i duflubenzurona. Ocena efekata 18 DPT pokazala je
da je polaganje jaja C. pyri potpuno zaustavljeno u tretmanima azadirahtinom i abamectinom,
dok je u tretmanu mineralnim uljem ipak registrovan izvestan broj novih (belih) jaja.
U tretmanu diflubenzuronom polaganje jaja nije zaustavljeno, ali je broj belih jaja bio značajno
niži u poređenju sa kontrolom. Efikasnost azadirahtina i abamektina iznosila je 100%
a efikasnost mineralnog ulja 97,4%, dok je efikasnost diflubenzurona bila svega 59%. Sva četiri
insekticida značajno su redukovala broj starijih, žutih jaja i larvi, a efikasnost je iznosila
80,5-92,6% (žuta jaja), 69,8-79,3% (larve I-III stupnja) i 94,3-100% (larve IV-V stupnja). U oceni
38 DPT u tretmanima azadirahtinom, abamektinom i mineralnim uljem zabeležena je 100%
efikasnost redukcije broja belih i žutih jaja, dok je diflubenzuron ostvario efikasnost od 93%
i 86,9%. Sva četiri insekticida ispoljila su visoku efikasnost u suzbijanju larvi I-III stupnja (99,2-
100%), ali je samo u tretmanu mineralnim uljem zabeležena visoka efikasnost i protiv larvi
IV-V instar stupnja (92,4%).
Ogled ocene efektivnosti suzbijanja P. ulmi izveden je u komercijalnom zasadu jabuke
sorte Red Chief u Moroviću (Šid). Efikasnost azadirahtina u suzbijanju letnje populacije crvene
voćne grinje upoređena je sa efikasnošću mineralnog ulja, klofentezina i spirodiklofena.
Akaricidi su primenjeni u vreme kad je brojnost P. ulmi bila ispod orijentacionog praga
štetnosti od 3 pokretne forme po listu. Azadirahtin je značajno redukovao broj pokretnih
formi, koji je do kraja ogleda ostao znatno ispod praga štetnosti. Postignuta je dobra efikasnost
suzbijanja (77,2-90,4%), s tim da je najviši nivo efikasnosti registrovan na kraju ogleda,
38 DPT. U tretmanu mineralnim uljem, 7 DPT ostvarena je efikasnost 92,4%; 14 DPT and 21
DPT efikasnost je bila 75,2% i 78,9%, da bi na kraju ogleda pala ispod 60%. Efikasnost klofentezina
(39,4-68,2%) bila je nezadovoljavajuća, što je verovanto rezultat rezistentnosti nastale
pod snažnim selekcionim pritiskom ovim akaricidom prethodnih godina, dok je efikasnost
novog akaricida spirodiklofena bila visoka i dugotrajna (97,2%, 38 DPT).
Ostvareni rezultati razmatrani su u kontekstu unapređenja suzbijanja populacija ove
dve štetne vrste.
Community Arctio-Artemisetum vulgaris (Tx. 1942) Oberd. et al. 1967.: the Most Widespread Ruderal Community at Pančevački ritStankovic-Kalezic, RadmilaJovanovic, SlobodanJanjic, VaskrsijaRadivojevic, Ljiljanahttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/13292016-12-03T14:14:05ZCommunity Arctio-Artemisetum vulgaris (Tx. 1942) Oberd. et al. 1967.: the Most Widespread Ruderal Community at Pančevački rit
Stankovic-Kalezic, Radmila; Jovanovic, Slobodan; Janjic, Vaskrsija; Radivojevic, Ljiljana
A several-year investigation of distribution, phytocoenological differentiation, floristic
composition and structure of the ruderal flora and vegetation, and relative anthropogenic
influences was conducted in the area of Pančevački rit.
The study focused on the ruderal community Arctio-Artemisetum vulgaris, the most
widespread of 10 ruderal communities identified in a detailed phytocoenological analysis
of the location of Pančevački rit.; Na području Pančevačkog rita su obavljena višegodišnja floristička istraživanja rasprostranjenosti,
fitocenološke diferenciranosti, strukturalne i antropogene uslovljenosti ruderalne
vegetacije. U radu je analizirana zajednica Arctio-Artemisetum vulgaris, koja predstavlja
najrasprostranjeniju zajednicu od 10 razvijenih i opisanih ruderalnih zajednica na prostoru
Pančevačkog rita.
Comparative Analysis of the Anatomy of Two Populations of Red-Root Amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)Vrbnicanin, SavaStefanovic, LidijaBozic, DraganaSaric, MarijaRadosevic, Radenkohttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/13282016-12-03T14:13:57ZComparative Analysis of the Anatomy of Two Populations of Red-Root Amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.)
Vrbnicanin, Sava; Stefanovic, Lidija; Bozic, Dragana; Saric, Marija; Radosevic, Radenko
The anatomy of stems and leaves of two populations of the weed species Amaranthus
retroflexus L. (red-root amaranth) (pop. AMARE1 having green stems covered in sparse hairs
and pop. AMARE2 with green but notably dense stem hairs) was analysed in order better
to understand the uptake and translocation of herbicides that could be indicative of
the species’ evolving resistance to herbicides. Samples of the two populations (AMARE1
and AMARE2) were collected from arable land of the Institute of Maize Research at Zemun
Polje in 2006. Sampling was performed at the stage of full vegetative growth of plants.
Permanent microscoping preparations were made to measure and analyze elements of the
anatomy of stems (stem epidermis, cortex, collenchyma, central cylinder and diameter) and
leaves (leaf epidermis upper surface and underside, mesophyll, leaf thickness and bundle
sheath thickness).
Both analysed populations of A. retroflexus, morphologically characterized by different
density of stem hairiness, were found to have a typical structure of herbaceous dicots. The
stem had three distinctive zones: epidermis, cortex and central cylinder. Amaranth leaves
have dorsoventral structure, i.e. their upper surface and underside can be differentiated.
The results indicated high and very high significance of differences found in stem anatomy
between the two analysed populations, while leaf anatomy was not found to display significant
differences other than in mesophyll thickness.; U ovom radu je proučavana anatomska građa stabla i lista dve populacije korovske vrste
Amaranthus retroflexus L. (štir) (pop. AMARE1 sa zelenim stablom prepokrivenim retkim
dlakama, i pop. AMARE2 takođe sa zelenim ali izrazito maljavim stablom) u cilju boljeg razumevanja
usvajanja i translokacije herbicida što može biti u vezi sa odgovorima na razvoj rezistetnosti
ove vrste na herbicide. Za ispitivanje anatomske građe stabla i lista ove dve populacije
(AMARE1 i AMARE2) uzorci su sakupljeni sa proizvodnih površina Instituta za kukuruz
Zemun Polje tokom 2006. godine. Uzorkovanje materijala je rađeno u fazi punog vegetativnog
porasta biljaka. Pravljeni su trajni mikroskopski preparati na kojima su mereni i analizirani
elementi anatomske građe stabla (epidermis stabla, primarna kora stabla, kolenhim,
centralni cilindar i prečnik stabla) i anatomske građe lista (epidermis lica i naličja lista, mezofil,
debljina lista i debljina ćelija omotača provodnog snopića).
Kod obe analizirane populacije A. retroflexus, koje su se morfološki razlikovale po maljavosti
(AMARE1 pop. je zelenog stabla prepokrivenog retkim dlakama, a AMARE2 pop. je takođe
zelenog stabla sa izraženom maljavošću), konstatovano je da imaju tipičnu građu zeljastih
dikotila. Dakle, stablo ima jasno izdiferencirane tri zone: epidermis stabla, primarnu
koru i centralni cilindar. List štira je dorzoventralne građe, što znači da se razlikuje epidermis
lica i naličje lista. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da se građa stabla dve ispitivane populacije
štira statistički značajno ili veoma značajano razlikuje u odnosu na sve analizirane parametre,
dok na nivou anatomske građe lista nisu konstatovane značajne razlike, sem u debljini
mezofila.