Issue 2013-4.www.jageng.agrif.bg.ac.rs/files/casopis/PT_04-2013.pdfhttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/582024-03-29T00:11:38Z2024-03-29T00:11:38ZApplication of Cooling in Postharvest Handling of GrainVitazek, IvanStranak, Tomashttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5702016-12-03T14:12:49ZApplication of Cooling in Postharvest Handling of Grain
Vitazek, Ivan; Stranak, Tomas
The present paper addresses the issue of postharvest handling of grain with focus on storage, when cooling is used in order to maintain the quality of the processed product and the required storage period. The paper presents the results of the control measurements at postharvest equipment, their evaluation and comparison. The measurements were performed manually by the means of the measuring device Dickey - John type GAC 2100. Results of the measurements of temperature and moisture content of grain provide basis for decisions upon possible extension of the storage period, alternatively upon further processing of grain. The paper also describes methods of maintaining the required parameters during grain storage, such as cold preservation. This section includes description and operating principle of the device Granifrigor; the recommended storage periods of different types of crops, depending on moisture content and temperature of cooling of grain. Moreover, principles of grain storage are described with respect to division according to moisture content.; Ovaj rad se bavi postupcima sa zrnom posle žetve, sa naglaskom na skladištenje, kada se hlađenje koristi da bi se održao kvalitet prerađenog proizvoda i potrebni period skladištenja. U radu su prikazani rezultati kontrolnih merenja na opremi posle žetve, njihova evaluacija i poređenje. Merenja su obavljena ručno, mernim uređajem Dickey - John tipa GAC 2100. Rezultati merenja temperature i sadržaja vlage u zrnu daju osnove za odlučivanje o mogućem produženju perioda skladištenja ili daljim postupcima sa zrnom. U radu su takođe opisane metode održavanja potrebnih parametara tokom skladištenje žita, kao što je hladna zaštita. Ovaj deo uključuje opis i princip rada uređaja Granifrigor, preporučeno vreme za skladištenje različitih vrsta useva, u zavisnosti od sadržaja vlage i temperature hlađenja zrna. Štaviše, principi skladištenja žita su opisani u odnosu na podelu prema sadržaju vlage.
Results of Preliminary Laboratory Studies After Pre-Sowing Electric Treatment of Pea SeedsPalov, IvanSirakov, KirilKuzmanov, EmilZahariev, Svetoslavhttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5682016-12-03T14:12:46ZResults of Preliminary Laboratory Studies After Pre-Sowing Electric Treatment of Pea Seeds
Palov, Ivan; Sirakov, Kiril; Kuzmanov, Emil; Zahariev, Svetoslav
In many countries, the possibilities for stimulation of the sowing qualities and yield of cultivars after pre-sowing electric treatment of their seeds have already been identified.
At the University of Ruse, Bulgaria, for more than 20 years studies have been conducted on the pre-sowing stimulation of the sowing qualities of seeds of various agricultural crops that are subjected to pre-sowing electromagnetic treatment.
This article discusses the preliminary results of pre-sowing electric (electromagnetic and electrostatic) treatment of pea seeds.
It has been established that after electro-magnetic or electrostatic pre-sowing treatment it is possible to obtain a stimulant effect on pea seeds. This effect takes place after 14 days of rest from treatment to sowing, and with the other controllable factors has following values:
- for the three-step electromagnetic treatment initial value of the applied voltage is U1 = 4 kV, and duration of treatment 1 = 5 s;
- for the electrostatic treatment voltage is U = 6 kV, and duration of treatment = 70 s.
The treatment applied to pea seeds leads to an increase in the germination capacity by 2,6%, in the length of the sprouts by up to 5,5% and of the rootlets by up to 18,6%, and increase in the mass of the plants by 6,9% as compared to the reference specimen.; U mnogim zemljama su već identifikovane mogućnosti za stimulisanje setvenog kvaliteta i prinosa sorti posle električnog tretmana semena pre setve.
Na Univerzitetu u Ruse, Bugarska, više od 20 godina se sprovode istraživanja stimulacije kvaliteta semena, elektromagnetnim tretmanom pre setve, kod raznih poljoprivrednih kultura.
Ovaj rad predstavlja preliminarne rezultate električnog (elektromagnetnog i elektrostatičkog) tretmana semena graška.
Utvrđeno je da je posle elektro – magnetnog ili elektrostatičkog tretmana pre setve moguće postići stimulativni efekat na seme graška. Ovaj efekat se ispoljava 14 dana posle tretmana za setvu, a drugi kontrolisani faktori imaju sledeće vrednosti:
- za tro-stepeni elektromagnetni tretman inicijalna vrednost primenjenog napona je U1 = 4 kV, a vreme trajanje tretmana 1 = 5s;
- za elektrostatički tretman napon je U = 6 kV, a vreme trajanje tretmana = 70 s.
Tretman primenjen na seme graška dovodi do povećanja kapaciteta klijanja od 2,6%, dužine klijanaca do 5,5% i korena do 18,6% i povećanje mase biljaka od 6,9 %, u poređenju sa referentnim uzorkom.
Energy Consumption and Energy Efficiency of Different Tillage Systems in the Semi-Arid Region of AustriaMoitzi, GerhardSchueller, MarkusSzalay, TiborWagentristl, HelmutRefenner, KarlWeingartmann, HerbertBoxberger, JosefGronauer, Andreashttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5672016-12-03T14:13:03ZEnergy Consumption and Energy Efficiency of Different Tillage Systems in the Semi-Arid Region of Austria
Moitzi, Gerhard; Schueller, Markus; Szalay, Tibor; Wagentristl, Helmut; Refenner, Karl; Weingartmann, Herbert; Boxberger, Josef; Gronauer, Andreas
Tillage in conventional cropping systems requires a high amount of direct energy in form of fuel and influences the energy efficiency of the production system. The fuel consumption was measured in three conventional tillage systems (plough, heavy cultivator and sub-soiler, integrated system) and two conservation tillage systems (mulch seeding, no-tillage) with a high-performance flow-meter, which was integrated in a four wheel driven tractor (92 kW). The tillage trials were carried out on a Chernozem soil with silty loam in the semiarid region of Austria (mean temperature: 9.8°C; mean rainfall: 546 mm). Moreover the total energy efficiency was calculated from the energy input (direct: fuel; indirect: seeds, fertilizer, pesticides and machines) and energy output (heat value) of winter wheat. The highest fuel consumption in the soil tillage was measured in the conventional tillage with plough (39.9 l•ha-1), where 18.8 l•ha-1 results from the plough. The lowest fuel consumption was in the no-tillage system, where 5.9 l•ha-1 fuel for seeding was required. The total fuel consumption can be reduced between 33% and 50% with conservation tillage in comparison to conventional tillage with plough. The best energetic parameters (energy and fuel intensity, net energy and energy efficiency) were realised in the conservation tillage systems.; Obrada zemljišta u konvencionalnim sistemima ratarenja zahteva veliku količinu direktne energije iz goriva i utiče na energetsku efikasnost proizvodnog sistema. Potrošnja goriva je merena u tri konvencionalna sistema obrade (plug, teški kultivator i podrivač, integrisani sistem) i dva konzervacijska sistema obrade (malč setva, bez obrade) sa meračem protoka visokih performansi, koji je bio integrisan u traktor sa pogonom na sva četiri točka (92 kW). Probe obrade su izvedene na černozemu sa ilovastim sedimentom polu-aridnom regionu Austrije (srednja temperatura 9.8°C; srednji nivo padavina 546 mm). Ukupna energetska efikasnost je izračunata iz energetskih unosa (direktni: gorivo, indirektni: seme, đubrivo, pesticidi i mašine) i energetskih izlaza (toplotna vrednost) ozime pšenice. Najveća potrošnja goriva u obradi zemljišta je izmerena u konvencionalnoj obradi plugom (39,9 l•ha-1), gde je 18.8 l•ha-1 rezultat pluga. Najniži potrošnja goriva je u sistemu bez obrade, gde je bilo potrebno 5,9 l•ha-1 goriva za setvu. Ukupna potrošnja goriva može da se smanji između 33% i 50% sa konzervacijskom obradom u odnosu na konvencionalnu obradu plugom. Najbolji energetski parametri (energetski intenzitet i gorivo, neto energija i energetska efikasnost) realizovani su u konzervacijskim sistemima obrade zemljišta.
Investigation of Microstructure, Adhesion Strength and Wear Resistance of Coatings Being Obtained with Combined MethodKuznetsov, YuryDenisyev, SergeyKulakov, Konstantinhttp://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5662016-12-03T14:12:59ZInvestigation of Microstructure, Adhesion Strength and Wear Resistance of Coatings Being Obtained with Combined Method
Kuznetsov, Yury; Denisyev, Sergey; Kulakov, Konstantin
This paper deals with a state-of-the-art two staged coating technology involving Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying (CGDS) followed by treatment of the sprayed layer by Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO). This technology provides good physical and mechanical properties and high performance of coatings obtained. Experimental study data on the used process parameters and their impact on the performance of obtained coatings are presented. Test data relating to the properties of the coatings obtained, and general technological recommendations on practical application of the proposed technology are provided.; U radu sa razmatra najsavremeniju dvostepenu tehnologiju nanošenja premaza koja uključuje dinamički sprej hladnog gasa (CGDS) praćen tretiranjem nanetog sloja spreja mikro-lučnom oksidacijom (MAO). Ova tehnologija daje dobre fizičke i mehaničke osobine i visoke performanse dobijenih premaza. Predstavljeni su eksperimentalni rezultati istraživanja parametara ovih procesa i njihov uticaj na performanse dobijenih premaza. Dati su rezultati testiranja svojstava dobijenih premaza i opšte tehnološke preporuke o praktičnoj primeni predložene tehnologije.