VOL 30 *No.2
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1043
http://www.pesting.org.rs/2015.php2022-10-08T07:35:31ZDetermination of linuron in chamomile by LC-MS/MS using the QuEChERS extraction method
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1437
Determination of linuron in chamomile by LC-MS/MS using the QuEChERS extraction method
Spirovic Trifunovic, Bojana; Vukovic, Gorica; Jovanovic-Radovanov, Katarina; Bursic, Vojislava; Meseldzija, Maja
Linuron is a selective herbicide used for the control of broadleaf weeds. Its mode of action is
the inhibition of photosynthesis. The QuEChERS method for extraction of linuron residues from
chamomile was used. The LC–MS/MS method was used for determination of linuron residues. Its
linearity was studied in a range of 0.025-0.50 μg/ml using matrix-matched calibration, and the
determination coefficient (R2) was higher than 0.99. Blank chamomile samples were spiked with
linuron solution at three concentration levels yielding recoveries of over 90%. The internal standard
added in all samples was isoproturon–d6. There were no linuron residues in chamomile flowers,
while the residues ranged from 0.010 to 0.040 mg/kg in the flower stalk samples.; Linuron je selektivni herbicid, koji se koristi za suzbijanje širokolisnih korova. Njegov
mehanizam delovanja je inhibicija fotosinteze (fotosistema II). Za ekstrakciju ostataka linurona
iz uzoraka kamilice korišćena je QuEChERS metoda. Određivanje nivoa ostataka linurona
vršeno je tečnom hromatografijom sa masenim spektroskopijom. Linearnost metode je
ispitivana u opsegu koncentracija od 0.025 – 0.50 μg/ml, korišćenjem metode kalibracije u
matriksu, pri čemu je koeficijent određivanja (R2) bio veći od 0.99. Tačnost metode je ispitivana
obogaćivanjem kontrolnih uzoraka kamilice na tri koncentraciona nivoa. Prinos ekstrakcije je
bio preko 90 %. Interni standard korišćen za analizu je bio izoproturon-D6. U cvetu kamilice
nisu nađeni ostaci linurona, dok su u uzorcima drške bili u opsegu od 0.010-0.040 mg/kg.
Chemical control of field dodder in alfalfa
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1436
Chemical control of field dodder in alfalfa
Saric-Krsmanovic, Marija; Bozic, Dragana; Malidza, Goran; Radivojevic, Ljiljana; Gajic Umiljendic, Jelena; Vrbnicanin, Sava
Parasitic flowering plants have recently come into focus of research interests as a result
of their notable expansion and increasing damage that they are causing in agricultural
fields. Damage caused by field dodder in alfalfa crops mainly includes reduced yield of fresh
biomass and considerable decrease in seed production. Effective control of field dodder
in alfalfa crops necessarily includes a number of preventive measures and procedures, as
well as chemical control. The effectiveness of glyphosate, propyzamide, imazethapyr and
diquat herbicides in controlling field dodder in alfalfa crops was tested in trials conducted
in 2011. Pot and field trials were set up in an experimental field of the Institute of Field and
Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad (location Rimski Šančevi) and in a private field at Popovići
(vicinity of Mladenovac). In pot trials, two glyphosate application rates (288 and 360 g a.i. ha)
achieved the highest effectiveness of 95% and 97.5%, respectively. Both application rates of
propyzamide (1500 and 2000 g a.i. ha) had weak effectiveness (85% and 87%, respectively),
while imazethapyr (150 g a.i. ha) was the weakest herbicide with 80% efficacy. In field trials at
both locations, diquat (450 g a.i. ha) showed the best efficacy in controlling field dodder in
alfalfa. The efficacy of all other treatments was weaker at Popovići with the following survival
rates of field dodder plants: 25% (glyphosate, 288 g a.i. ha), 15% (glyphosate, 360 g a.i. ha),
79% (propyzamide, 1500 g a.i. ha), 70% (propyzamide, 2000 g a.i. ha) and 72% (imazethapyr,
150 g a.i. ha). At the location Rimski Šančevi, the same treatements resulted in around 1%
remaining field dodder plants in alfalfa crop.; U novije vreme problematika parazitskih cvetnica postaje sve aktuelnija i dobija veći
istraživački prostor upravo zbog njihovog širenja i sve većih šteta koje nanose u poljoprivredi.
Štete koje vilina kosica pravi u usevu lucerke se prvenstveno odnose na smanjenje prinosa
zelene biomase i značajno smanjenu produkciju semena kod semenske lucerke. Efikasno
suzbijanje viline kosice u usevu luceke podrazumeva niz preventivnih mera i postupaka, kao
i hemijsku kontrolu. Ispitivanje efikasnosti herbicida (glifosat, propizamid, imazetapir i dikvat)
u suzbijanju viline kosice u usevu lucerke urađeno je tokom 2011. godine. Ogledi su izvedeni
u saksijama i u polju, na oglednom polju Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu
(Rimski Šančevi) i na privatnoj parceli na lokalitetu Popovići (okolina Mladenovca). U ogledu
sa saksijama, najbolju efikasnost je ispoljio glifosat u obe primenjene količine (288 i 360 g
a.s. ha), 95% odnosno 97.5%. Efikasnost koju je ispoljio propizamid u obe količine primene
(1500 i 2000 g a.s. ha) je bila slabija (85% odnosno 87%), dok je najslabiju efikasnost ispoljio
imazetapir (150 g a.s. ha), 80%. U poljskim ogledima, na oba lokaliteta, dikvat (450 g a.s. ha) je
ispoljio najbolju efikasnost u suzbijanju viline kosice. Na lokalitetu Popovići efikasnost ostalih
tretmana je bila slabija, odnosno procenat preživelih jedinki viline kosice je bio: 25% (glifosat,
288 g a.s. ha), 15% (glifosat, 360 g a.s. ha), 79% (propizamid, 1500 g a.s. ha), 70% (propizamid,
2000 g a.s. ha) i 72% (imazetapir, 150 g a.s. ha). Na lokalitetu Rimski Šančevi, pri primeni istih
tretmana, vilina kosica se zadržala na usevu sa oko 1%.
Correlation of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone production by Fusarium species originating from wheat and maize grain
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1435
Correlation of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone production by Fusarium species originating from wheat and maize grain
Tancic, Sonja; Stankovic, Slavica; Levic, Jelena; Krnjaja, Vesna
A total of 39 Fusarium graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. semitectum and F. equiseti
isolates, originating from wheat and maize samples collected at 10 locations in Serbia, were
analyzed by ELISA method for their potential of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone
(ZEA) production under optimal laboratory conditions. Fusarium graminearum isolates with
the highest intraspecies variability were the best producers of both deoxynivalenol and
zearalenone. In contrast, F. equiseti isolates were the weakest producers of these two toxins.
Considering the plant origin of the isolates, wheat-originating F. sporotrichioides isolates
were better deoxynivalenol producers, while the maize-originating isolates produced more
zearalenone. There was no clear difference in ZEA production between wheat- and maizeoriginating
isolates of F. graminearum, while higher average DON concentrations were
produced by F. graminearum wheat-originating isolates.
Negative correlation was detected between the production of deoxynivalenol and
zearalenone by various Fusarium spp.; Potencijal za stvaranje deoksinivalenola (DON) i zearalenona (ZEA) ukupno 39 izolata vrsta
Fusarium graminearum, F. sporotrichioides, F. semitectum i F. Equiseti, poreklom iz zrna pšenice i
kukuruza sa 10 različitih lokaliteta u Srbiji, analiziran je u optimalnim laboratorijskim uslovima
ELISA testom. Izolati vrste F. graminearum su imali najvišu intraspecijsku varijabilnost i ujedno su
bili najveći proizvođači i deoksinivalenola i zearalenona. Nasuprot njima, izolati F. equiseti su bili
najslabiji proizvođači ova dva mikotoksina. S obzirom na poreklo izolata, F. sporotrichioides izolati
poreklom sa pšenice su bili bolji proizvođači deoksinivalenola, dok su izolati ove vrste poreklom
sa kukuruza stvarali više koncentracije zearalenona. Među F. graminearum izolatima nije bilo jasne
razlike u sintetisanim koncentracijama ZEA zavisno od porekla izolata, dok je pri sintezi DON-a
uočena viša prosečna koncentracija sintetisana od strane F. graminearum izolata poreklom sa pšenice.
Negativna korelacija je registrovana između sinteze deoksinivalenola i zearalenona od
strane Fusarium spp.
Effects of salicylic acid elicitor against aphids on wheat and detection of infestation using infrared thermal imaging technique in Ismailia, Egypt
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1434
Effects of salicylic acid elicitor against aphids on wheat and detection of infestation using infrared thermal imaging technique in Ismailia, Egypt
Mahmoud, Mahmoud Farag; Mahfouz, Hatem
Wheat (Triticum sativum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in Egypt. Insect
pests, such as aphids, are major threats in terms of yield reduction. Induced resistance in
wheat using salicylic acid as a foliar application was tested on the farm of the Faculty of
Agriculture, Suez Canal University during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons. Three wheat
cultivars, Gemeza 9, Sakha 93 and Giza 168, were sprayed three times with two concentrations
of salicylic acid (SA), 200 mg/l and 100 mg/l, after early detection of aphid infestation by
infrared thermal imaging.
The infrared thermal imaging technique is based on significant differences in surface
temperature between infested and healthy leaves. Imaging data are digital, and a computer
program can be used to detect infestation rapidly. The results showed that aphid infestation
raised the temperature of infested leaves, compared to healthy leaves. The range temperature
difference between maximum and minimum temperatures (At) was 1.1 ºC in healthy leaves
and 3.9 ºC in infected leaves. The results of SA application showed significant differences in
the mean number of aphids and in reduction of infestation among treatments and cultivars.
The higher of the two SA rates (200 mg/l) gave higher efficacy in the three cultivars than
the lower rate (100 mg/l) over the five weeks of trial. The highest efficacy against aphids
was reached one week after application (86.28% for Giza, 85.89% for Gemesa and 70.54% for
Sakha). Moreover, SA treatment enhanced the wheat yield of all three cultivars, compared
with control plants. The three cultivars (Giza, Gemesa and Sakha) produced higher yields
than the control when sprayed with 200 mg/l SA. Their grain yield was 2,491.5, 2,455.0, and
2,327.25 kg/feddan (1 fed = 0.42 ha), respectively. In conclusion, infrared thermal imaging
can be employed in identification of infected leaves. Also, the application of SA on wheat
induced plant resistance to aphids.; Pšenica (Triticum sativum L.) je jedna od najvažnijih žitarica u Egiptu. Štetni insekti, kao
što su biljne vaši, predstavljaju pretnju u pogledu smanjenja prinosa. Otpornost indukovana
kod pšenice folijarnom primenom salicilne kiseline ispitivana je u polju Poljoprivrednog
fakulteta, Univerziteta Suez Canal u Egiptu tokom sezona 2012/2013 i 2013/2014. Tri sorte
pšenice: Gemesa 9, Sakha 93 i Giza 168 prskane su tri puta koncentracijama salicilne kiseline
(SA) od 200 mg/l i 100 mg/l nakon otkrivanja zaraze biljnim vašima korišćenjem infracrvene
termovizijske kamere.
Tehnika infracrvene termovizije zasniva se na značajnim razlikama u temperaturi površine
zaraženih i zdravih listova. Dobijaju se digitalne slike, a računarski program omogućava brzo
otkrivanje zaraze. Rezultati su pokazali da zaraza biljnim vašima povećava temperaturu
zaraženih listova, u poređenju sa zdravim listovima. Opseg razlike između maksimalne i
minimalne temperature (At) bio je 1.1 ºC kod zdravih listova i 3.9 ºC kod zaraženih listova.
Rezultati primene SA pokazali su značajne razlike u srednjim vrednostima za broj biljnih vaši
i smanjenje zaraženosti među tretmanima i sortama. Viša od dve ispitivane koncentracije
SA (200 mg/l) postigla je višu efikasnost kod sve tri sorte nego niža koncentracija (100 mg/l)
tokom ogleda koji je trajao pet nedelja. Najviša efikasnost u suzbijanju biljnih vaši postignuta
je jednu nedelju nakon primene (86,28% za sortu Giza, 85,89% za Gemesa i 70,54% za Sakha,
respektivno). Pored toga, primena SA dovela je do povećanja prinosa sve tri sorte u odnosu
na kontrolu. Sve tri sorte (Giza, Gemesa i Sakha) imale su više prinose nego kontrola nakon
primene 200 mg/l SA. Uporedni prinos zrna je bio 2.491,5, 2.455,0 i 2.327,25 kg/fed. Može se
zaključiti da se tehnika infracrvene termovizije može koristiti za otkrivanje zaraženih listova.
Takođe, primena SA u pšenici indukuje otpornost na biljne vaši.