2014.
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1204
2024-03-28T09:24:01ZAntifungal activity of six plant essential oils from Serbia against Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1512
Antifungal activity of six plant essential oils from Serbia against Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum
Djurovic-Pejcev, Rada; Potocnik, Ivana; Milijasevic-Marcic, Svetlana; Todorovic, Biljana; Rekanovic, Emil; Stepanovic, Milos
Six essential oils (EOs) extracted from plants originating in Serbia were assayed for
inhibitory and fungicidal activity against a major fungal pathogen of button mushroom
causing green mould disease, Trichoderma agressivum f. europaeum. The strongest activity
was demonstrated by the oils of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) and peppermint (Mentha piperita
L.). Medium antifungal activity of St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) and walnut
[Juglans regia (F)] oils was also recorded. Oils extracted from yarrow (Achillea millepholium
L.) and juniper (Juniperus communis L.) exhibited the lowest activity. Peppermint oil showed
fungicidal effect on the pathogen, having a minimum fungicidal concentration of 0.64 μl
ml-1. The main components of peppermint essential oil were menthone (37.02%), menthol
(29.57%) and isomenthone (9.06%).; Ispitana je inhibitorna i fungicidna aktivnost šest etarskih ulja ekstrahovanih iz biljaka
poreklom iz Srbije na Trichoderma agressivum f. europaeum. Patogen je prouzrokovač zelene
plesni šampinjona, bolesti koja nanosi najviše štete u prinosu. Najveću aktivnost je ispoljilo
ulje bosiljka (Ocimum basilicum L.) i pitome nane (Mentha piperita L.). Niža aktivnost je uočena
kod ulja kantariona (Hypericum perforatum L.) i oraha [Juglans regia (F)]. Ulja ekstrahovana iz
hajdučke trave (Achillea millepholium L.) i kleke (Juniperus communis L.) ispoljila su najmanju
aktivnost. Ulje pitome nane je ispoljilo fungicidni efekat na patogena, sa minimalnom
fungicidnom koncentracijom od 0.64 μl ml-1. Najzastupljenije komponente etarskog ulja
nane su bile menton (37.02%), mentol (29.57%) i izomenton (9.06%).
Possibility of environmentally-safe casing soil disinfection for control of cobweb disease of button mushroom
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1511
Possibility of environmentally-safe casing soil disinfection for control of cobweb disease of button mushroom
Potocnik, Ivana; Rekanovic, Emil; Stepnovic, Milos; Milijasevic-Marcic, Svetlana; Todorovic, Biljana; Nikolic-Bujanovic, Ljiljana; Cekerevac, Milan
The soil-borne pathogen Cladobotryum dendroides causes cobweb disease of button
mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and its significant yield losses. Casing soil disinfection by toxic
formaldehyde is a widespread practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of
two environmentally friendly substances, colloidal silver and peracetic acid, against C. dendroides.
Their biological efficacy (impact on mushroom yield), effectiveness (disease control) and type
of interactions between them and the fungicide prochloraz-manganese were evaluated.
Black peat/lime casing soil was applied to a colonized substrate with the white button
mushroom strain 737, then inoculated with C. dendroides and treated with the fungicide
prochloraz-manganse and two environmentally friendly disinfectants based on peracetic
acid and colloidal silver. The effects of fungicides on mushroom productivity were evaluated
as biological efficacy and calculated as a ratio of fresh weight of total mushroom yield to
the weight of dry substrate. Fungicide effectiveness and synergy factor were calculated by
Abbott’s (1925) formula. Tests for synergism between prochloraz-manganese and both other
substances were performed using Limpel’s formula.
The highest biolgical efficacy, exceeding 92.00, was achieved in treatments with prochlorazmanganese,
applied alone or in combination with both other disinfectants. The highest
effectiveness of 93.33% was attained in treatments with peracetic acid combined with
prochloraz-manganese. Trials against cobweb disease revealed a synergistic reaction between
the fungicide and peracetic acid and antagonistic between the fungicide and colloidal silver.
Peracetic acid provided better disease control, compared to colloidal silver applied alone or in
combination with the fungicide. Based on these findings, peracetic acid should be recomended
as an environmentally friendly casing soil disinfectant against cobweb disease of A. bisporus.; Zemljišna mikromiceta Cladobotryum dendroides izaziva paučinastu plesan šampinjona
(Agaricus bisporus) i nanosi značajne štete u proizvodnji. Uobičajen način dezinfekcije pokrivke
za gajenje šampinjona je tretiranje formaldehidom koji ima toksična svojstva. Cilj ovog rada
je ispitivanje mogućnosti primene dva ekološka dezinfekciona sredstva na bazi koloidnog
srebra i persirćetne kiseline u suzbijanju C. dendroides. Određena je njihova efikasnost, uticaj
na prinos šampinjona i međusobna reakcija sa fungicidom prohloraz-Mn.
Pokrivka od crnog treseta i kreča je stavljena na supstrat zasejan micelijom šampinjona
soj 737, inokulisana patogenom C. dendroides i tretirana fungicidom prohloraz-Mn i ekološkim
dezinficijensima na bazi persirćetne kiseline i koloidnog srebra. Uticaj antifungalnih supstanci
na prinos (biološka efikasnost) je određen kroz srazmeru mase ukupnog prinosa šampinjona
i mase suvog supstrata. Efikasnost fungicida u suzbijanju patogena i sinergistički faktor su
izračunati primenom Abotove formule. Sinergizam između prohloraz-Mn i oba dezinficijensa
je određen pomoću Limpelove formule.
Najveća biološka efikasnost je utvrđena u tretmanima sa prohloraz-Mn, preko 92,00,
primenjenim pojedinačno ili u kombinaciji sa oba dezinficijensa. Najveća efikasnost u
suzbijanju patogena, 93.33%, postignuta je u kombinovanoj primeni fungicida sa persirćetnom
kiselinom. Ustanovljen je sinergizam između fungicida i persirćetne kiseline i antagonizam
u kombinovanoj primeni fungicida i koloidnog srebra.
Primenom persirćetne kiseline omogućena je veća efikasnost u poređenju sa koloidnim
srebrom u suzbijanju prouzrokovača paučinaste plesni, bilo da je primenjena pojedinačno
ili u kombinaciji sa fungicidom. Na osnovu ovih ispitivanja, može se preporučiti primena
persirćetne kiseline kao ekološkog dezinficijensa pokrivke za gajenje šampinjona i zaštitu
od paučinaste plesni.
Residual efficacy of cypermethrin and pirimiphos-methyl against Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) on concrete surface
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1510
Residual efficacy of cypermethrin and pirimiphos-methyl against Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) on concrete surface
Andric, Goran; Kljajic, Petar; Prazic-Golic, Marijana
Residual activity of EC formulations of two insecticides, cypermethrin (combined with
the synergist piperonyl butoxide) and pirimiphos-methyl, against Sitophilus granarius (L.)
adults and Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) larvae was investigated on concrete surface. The
experiment was run indoors at 16-24ºC temperature and 30-60% r.h. by applying water
solutions of products based on cypermethrin (48 mg AI/m2) and pirimiphos-methyl (750
mg AI/m2) to concrete surface. Insect mortality was estimated after 2, 7 and 14 days of insect
exposure to treated concrete and 7 days of recovery on untreated coarse wheat meal at
24-26ºC and 55-65% r.h in the laboratory.
High efficacy of cypermethrin against S. granarius adults (87-100%) and P. interpunctella
larvae (84-100%) was detected after 14 days of exposure to all deposits on concrete surface.
Pirimiphos-methyl achieved maximum efficacy (100%) in all treatments of S. granarius
adults and P. interpunctella larvae after 2 and 14 days of exposure, regardless of deposit
age. After 7 days of recovery, the efficacy of both insecticides mostly increased, especially
of cypermethrin, up to around 50% after two days of exposure, up to 24-45% after seven
days of exposure and up to 15% after 14 days of exposure. The results show that the EC
formulations of cypermethrin and especially of pirimiphos-methyl were highly effective in
controlling S. granarius adults and P. interpunctella larvae over a period of 60 days following
application to concrete surface.; Sa adultima Sitophilus granarius (L.) i larvama Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) je na betonu
ispitivana rezidualna efikasnost dva insekticida EC formulacije: cipermetrina (sa sinergistom
piperonil butoksidom) i pirimifos-metila. Eksperiment je izveden u zatvorenoj prostoriji na
temperaturi 16-24ºC i 30-60% r.v.v., nanošenjem vodenih rastvora preparata na bazi cipermetrina
(48 mg AI/m2) i pirimifos-metila (750 mg AI/m2) na beton. Smrtnost je utvrđivana posle 2, 7 i
14 dana izlaganja test insekata na depozitima starosti 0, 7, 14, 30 i 60 dana i 7 dana oporavka
na netretiranoj pšenici u laboratorijskim uslovima, na temperaturi 24-26ºC i 55-65% r.v.v.
Visoka efikasnost cipermetrina za adulte S. granarius (87-100%) i larve P. interpunctella
(84-100%) utvrđena je posle 14 dana izlaganja na svim depozitima na tretiranom betonu.
Pirimifos-metil je, bez obzira na starost depozita, u svim ispitivanim varijantama bio maksimalno
efikasan (100%) za adulte S. granarius i larve P. interpunctella, posle 2, odnosno 14 dana
izlaganja. Posle 7 dana oporavka efikasnost oba insekticida se najčešće povećavala, a posebno
cipermetrina, do oko 50% posle dva dana izlaganja, do 24-45% posle sedam dana izlaganja i
do 15% posle 14 dana izlaganja. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da EC formulacije cipermetrina i,
posebno, pirimifos-metila ispoljavaju visoku efikasnost u suzbijanju adulta S. granarius i larvi
P. interpunctella tokom 60 dana od nanošenja na beton.
Identification of Penicillium expansum causing postharvest blue mold decay of apple fruit
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1508
Identification of Penicillium expansum causing postharvest blue mold decay of apple fruit
Vico, Ivana; Duduk, Natasa; Vasic, Miljan; Nikolic, Milica
Penicillium expansum (Link) Thom. is one of the most important postharvest pathogens
of apple fruit worldwide. It causes blue mold, a decay that can lead to significant economic
losses during storage, which can also impact fruit destined for processing due to the
production of carcinogenic mycotoxin patulin. Apple fruit cvs. Idared, Golden Delicious
and Braeburn with blue mold symptoms were collected from five storage facilities in
Serbia and nine fungal isolates were obtained. Pathogenicity of the isolates was tested and
proven by artificial inoculation of healthy apples cv. Idared. In order to identify the causal
agents of decay, morphological and molecular methods were used. Colony morphology
and microscopic features were observed on differential media, and isolates were tested
for the production of cyclopiazonic acid. Molecular analysis included PCR amplification
with species specific primers for P. expansum based on polygalacturonase gene (Pepg1),
universal primers for internal transcribed spacer rDNA region and primers based on
β-tubulin gene. All isolates formed compact blue green colonies with characteristic earthy
odor. Conidiophores were terverticillate with smooth septate stipes and conidia were
smooth, globose to subglobose, born in colums. The average size of conidia was 3.38 ±
0.49 (SD) x 3 ± 0.36 (SD) μm. Using species specific primers PEF/PER the texpected amplicons
of ~404 bp were obtained in all nine tested isolates and PCR conducted with the Bt-LEVUp4/
Bt-LEV-Lo1 and universal ITS1/ITS4 primer pairs generated amplicons of the expected
sizes of ~800 bp and ~600 bp, respectively. MegaBlast analyses of the 2X consensus of
nucleotide sequences of the isolate JP1 partial β-tubulin gene and ITS region showed
99-100% and 100% similarity with several P. expansum sequences of corresponding regions
of this species deposited in GenBank. Based on morphological and molecular features, the
isolates obtained from decayed apple fruit collected in several storage facilities in Serbia
were identified as P. expansum.; Penicillium expansum (Link) Thom. je jedan od najznačajnijih prouzrokovača truleži plodova
jabučastog voća u toku čuvanja koji se odlikuje proizvodnjom mikotoksina patulina. U ovom
radu je, na osnovu morfoloških i molekularnih osobina, identifikovana vrsta P. expansum kao
prouzrokovač truleži plodova jabuke u skladištu. Plodovi jabuke sorti Ajdared, Zlatni delišes i
Breburn sa simptomima truleži prikupljene su u skladištima u lokalitetima Pudarci, Suvodol, Čelarevo, Bela Crkva i Svilajnac. Na prikupljenim plodovima uočavale su se svetlosmeđe,
meke i udubljene pege u okviru kojih je bila prisutna zelenoplava sporulacija gljive. Izolacija
je obavljena standardnim postupkom na podlogu od krompir-dekstroznog agara (KDA), a
patogenost izolata proverena je inokulacijom zdravih plodova jabuke. Morfološke odlike kolonija
i reproduktivnih struktura izolata praćene su na dijagnostičkim hranljivim podlogama (MEA,
CYA i YES). Molekularna identifikacija izolata obavljena je korišćenjem specifičnih prajmera za
vrstu P. expansum zasnovanih na genu za poligalakturonazu (Pepg1), univerzalnih prajmera za
ITS region i prajmera zasnovanih na genu za β-tubulin. Iz jabuke sa simptomima plave truleži
dobijeno je devet izolata čija je patogenost potvrdjena veštačkim inokulacijama zdravih plodova
jabuke. Ispitivani izolati su formirali kompaktne zelenoplave kolonije karakterističnog mirisa.
Svi izolati su rasli na 5oC, a porasta nije bilo na 37oC. Konidije prosečne veličine 3,38 x 3 μm,
bile su okruglaste do ovalne, formirane u dugim nizovima. Konidiofore su bile terverticillata,
asimetričnog grananja sa glatkim stipama. Kod svih ispitivanih izolata amplikoni očekivane
veličine oko 404 bp dobijeni su korišćenjem specifičnih prajmera za P. expansum PEF/PER, dok
su primenom ITS1-ITS4 prajmera amplifikovani produkti veličine oko 600 bp, a primenom
prajmera za deo β-tubulin gena, produkti veličine oko 800 bp. MegaBlast analizom dobijenih
sekvenci ITS regiona i dela β-tubulin gena izabranog izolata JP1 utvrđena je 100%, odnosno
99-100% sličnost sa sekvencama odgovarajućih regiona vrste P. expansum deponovanim
u NCBI bazi podataka. Na osnovu morfoloških i molekularnih osobina dobijenih izolata
utvrđeno je da prouzrokovači truleži plodova jabuke u nekoliko skladišta u Srbiji pripadaju
vrsti P. expansum.