VOL 29 *No.1
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1205
http://www.pesting.org.rs/2014.php2024-01-31T09:20:44ZDissipation rate of acetamiprid in sweet cherries
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1492
Dissipation rate of acetamiprid in sweet cherries
Lazic, Sanja; Sunjka, Dragana; Panic, Srdjan; Indjic, Dusanka; Grahovac, Nada; Guzsvany, Valeria; Jovanov, Pavle
Degradation of acetamiprid in sweet cherry samples was evaluated at several intervals
from the product application until the end of the pre-harvest interval. An orchard
of sweet cherries located at Stepanovićevo village near Novi Sad was used in this study.
Acetamiprid was applied according to the manufacturer’s recommendation for protecting
sweet cherries from their most important pests. Sweet cherry fruit samples were collected
at eight intervals: immediately after acetamiprid application and 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
and 14 days after application. The extraction of acetamiprid from sweet cherry samples
was performed using a QuEChERS-based method. Determination was carried out using
an HPLC-UV diode array detection system (Agilent 1100, United States) with an Agilent
Zorbax Eclipse C18 column (50 mm × 4.6 mm internal diameter, 1.8 μm particle size).
The method was subjected to a thorough validation procedure. The recovery data were
obtained by spiking blank sweet cherry samples at three concentration levels (0.1-0.3 mg/
kg), yielding 85.4% average recovery. Precision values expressed as relative standard deviation
(RSD) were below 1.61% for the intraday precision. Acetamiprid showed linear calibrations
from 0.05 to 2.5 μg/ml with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.995%. The limit of
detection and limit of quantification were found to be 5 μg/kg and 14 μg/kg, respectively.
The validated method was applied in the analysis of acetamiprid in sweet cherry samples.
During the study period, the concentration of acetamiprid decreased from 0.529
mg/kg to 0.111 mg/kg. The content of acetamiprid in sweet cherry samples at the end
of the pre-harvest interval was below the maximum permissible level specified by the
Serbian and EU MRLs.; U cilju praćenja razgradnje acetamiprida u plodovima trešanja u periodu od primene
preparata do isteka karence, izvršen je tretman preparatom na bazi ove aktivne materije
u preporučenoj dozi. Ogled je postavljen u zasadu srednje kasne sorte trešnje na lokalitetu
Stepanovićevo u okolini Novog Sada. Plodovi su uzorkovani osam puta – odmah nakon
primene preparata, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 i 14 dana. Ekstrakcija acetamiprida iz trešanja izvedena
je QuEChERS metodom. Za određivanje acetamiprida korišćena je tečna hromatografija sa
DAD detektorom (Agilent 1100, United States) i Agilent Zorbax Eclipse C18 kolonom (unutrašnji
prečnik 50 mm x 4.6 mm, veličina čestica 1.8 μm). Kao mobilna faza upotrebljeni su
acetonitril i 1.5% rastvor CH3COOH (30/70), sa protokom 1 ml/min, temperaturom kolone
25 oC i injektovanom zapreminom 2,5 μl, dok je kao odgovarajuća talasna dužina usvojena
vrednost od 254 nm. Validacija metode je u potpunosti sprovedena u skladu sa zahtevima
standarda SANCO/12495/2011 (EU Commission Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-
General, 2011). Prosečna vrednost prinosa ekstrakcije acetamiprida iz trešanja proverena
na tri nivoa obogaćenja (0.1-0.3 mg/kg) iznosila je 85.4%. Preciznost merenja razmotrena
proverom ponovljivosti određivanja acetamiprida izražena je relativnom standardnom
devijacijom (RSD) sa vrednošću manjom od 1.61%. U opsegu masenih koncentracija acetamiprida
od 0,05 do 2,5 μg/ml postignuta je dobra linearnost odziva detektora sa koeficijentom
varijacije od 0,995%. Limit detekcije i kvantifikacije za određivanje acetamiprida
u trešnjama prikazanom metodom iznose 5 μg/kg i 14 μg/kg. Tokom ispitivanog perioda
koncentracija acetamiprida u trešnjama se smanjivala od 0,592 mg/kg neposredno nakon
primene insekticida do 0,111 mg/kg po isteku karence od 14 dana. Analizom je utvrđeno
da je sadržaj acetamiprida u uzorcima plodova trešnje nakon isteka perioda karence ispod
maksimalno dozvoljene količine za ovu aktivnu materiju propisane Pravilnikom Republike
Srbije (0,2 mg/kg) i Evropske Unije (1,5 mg/kg).
Biology and harmfulness of Planococcus vovae (Nassonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Belgrade area
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1491
Biology and harmfulness of Planococcus vovae (Nassonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Belgrade area
Graora, Draga; Spasic, Radoslava; Ilic, Sladjana
Planococcus vovae (Nassonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an important pest on
plants of the family Cupressaceae. Its numerous populations have been present in recent
years on Juniperus spp. in Belgrade. Feeding by sap-sucking on all aboveground plant
organs, it causes growth stagnation, chlorosis, drying of needles and branches, and even
of entire plants under heavy infestation. Additionally, the scale excretes large quantities of
honeydew, on which sooty mold develops, reducing photosynthesis and causing faster
plant deterioration.
Throughout 2007 and 2008, P. vovae was recorded on Juniperus spp. in 12 localities in
Belgrade, and on Thuja sp. in a single locality. The pest was found to develop three generations
per year and overwinter on branches at the egg or second instar stages. The first generation
adults were observed at the end of May, the second generation at the beginning
of August, while the third generation was recorded at the beginning of October. Different
overwintering modes, and variable oviposition, embryonic and larval development periods
led to an overlapping of generations and continuous presence of all developmental
stages on plants.
In different localities the infestation of plants varied in abundance from a few individual
specimens to very large colonies. The highest infestation intensity was recorded in the
localities Bežanija, Doræol and Voždovac.
The predatory species Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and
Nephus bipunctatus (Kugelann) (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae) were found in the scale colonies.
Regarding N. bipunctatus, this was its first record as a new species in the Serbian fauna.; Planococcus vovae (Nassonov) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) je značajna štetočina na
biljkama iz familije Cupressaceae. Poslednjih godina je na području Beograda prisutna u
brojnim populacijama na Juniperus spp. Hraneći se na svim nadzemnim delovima biljaka
dovodi do zastoja u porastu, hloroze i sušenja četina, sušenja grana, a pri jakoj infestaciji i celih
biljaka. Osim toga, vaš izlučuje velike količine medne rose na kojoj se razvijaju gljive čađavice
koje utiču na smanjenje fotosinteze i brže propadanje biljaka.
Na teritoriji Beograda P. vovae je tokom 2007. i 2008. godine utvrđena na Juniperus spp.
na 12 lokacija i na Thuja sp. na samo jednoj lokaciji. Ustanovljeno je da razvija tri generacije
godišnje i da prezimljava u stadijumu jajeta i larve drugog stupnja na granama biljaka. Imaga
prve generacije registrovana su krajem maja, druge generacije početkom avgusta, a treće
početkom oktobra. Različit način prezimljavanja, neujednačen period ovipozicije, kao i
embrionalnog i larvenog razvića, dovode do preklapanja generacija i stalnog prisustvo svih
razvojnih stadijuma na biljkama.
Na različitim lokacijama, naseljenost biljaka vašima kretala se od pojedinačnih jedinki do
veoma brojnih kolonija, pri čemu je najjači intenzitet napada zabeležen na lokacijama Bežanija,
Dorćol i Voždovac.
U kolonijama vaši registrovane su predatorske vrste Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera,
Chrysopidae) i Nephus bipunctatus (Kugelann) (Coleoptera, Coccinelidae), pri čemu
je N. bipunctatus nova vrsta za faunu Srbije.
Efficacy of eco-smart insecticides against certain biological stages of jasmine moth, Palpita unionalis Hb. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1490
Efficacy of eco-smart insecticides against certain biological stages of jasmine moth, Palpita unionalis Hb. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Mahmoud, Mahmoud Farag
The efficacy of six eco-smart insecticides, Dipel 2x 6.4% WP (Bacillus thuringensis AI), Biofly
100% WP (Beauvaria bessiana AI), Radiant 12% SC (Saccharopolyspora spinosa AI), Mectin 1.8%
EC (Streptomyces avermitilis AI), Nimbecidine 0.03% EC (Azadirachtin AI) and Bio-Power 50%
EC (Beauvaria bessiana AI), were tested against eggs, larvae and pupae of the jasmine moth,
Palpita unionalis Hb. and its parasitoid Apanteles syleptae under laboratory conditions. Data
indicated that all tested insecticides had ovicidal activity against P. unionalis. Mectin was the
most toxic among the tested insecticides against the egg stage, followed by Radiant or Dipel
2x, and their respective values of LC50 were 0.005 cm/l, 0.006 cm/l and 0.055 g/l. Dipel 2x was
the most toxic insecticide to the 1st instar larvae of P. unionalis, whereas Mectin was the most
toxic to both the 3rd and 5th instar larvae. Also, the results revealed that Mectin was the most
effective against the pupal stage, followed descendingly by Radiant and Dipel 2x. The toxicity
index values showed a superior efficiency of Mectin at LC50 (100%) against eggs, 3rd and
5th instar larvae, and pupal stage, whereas Dipel 2x showed such superior efficiency at LC50
(100%) only against 1st instar larvae. The results showed that the percents of pupation and
emergence of moths were significantly different in all treatments compared to control, while
deformed pupae and malformed adults were insignificantly different when fifth instar larvae
were treated with the tested insecticides. Moreover, the rate of P. unionalis adult emergence
from treated pupae was concentration-dependent and significant differences were found
between insecticide treatments and control. Generally, Mectin, Radiant and Dipel 2x caused
the highest impacts on adult emergence and malformed adults percentages. Regarding the
toxicity of insecticides to the endoparasitoid A. syleptae, the treated cocoons developed to
adult stages with no significant differences compared to control. Meanwhile, the longevity of
the emerged parasitoid adults did not differ among the insecticides treatments and control.; Ispitivano je delovanje šest bioinsekticida - Dipel 2x 6.4% WP (Bacillus thuringensis AI),
Biofly 100% WP (Beauvaria bessiana AI), Radiant 12% SC (Saccharopolyspora spinosa AI), Mectin
1.8% EC (Streptomyces avermitilis AI), Nimbecidine 0.03% EC (Azadirachtin AI) i Bio-Power
50% EC (Beauvaria bessiana AI) - na jaja, larve i lutke moljca Palpita unionalis Hb. i njegovog
parazitoida u laboratorijskim uslovima. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da su svi testirani insekticidi
imali ovicidno delovanje na P. unionalis. Mectin je bio najtoksičniji od ispitivanih insecticida
u stadijumu jaja, a zatim Radiant i Dipel 2x, a respektivne vrednosti njihovih LC50
bile su 0,005 cm/l, 0,006 cm/l i 0,055 g/l. Dipel 2x je bio najtoksičniji za larve P. unionalis prvog
stupnja, dok je Mectin bio najtoksičniji za larve drugog i trećeg stupnja. Takođe, rezultati
su pokazali da je Mectin bio najefikasniji protiv stadijuma lutke, a za njim opadajućim redom Radiant i Dipel 2x. Indeks toksičnosti je pokazao visoku efikasnost Mectin-a na LC50
(100%) za jaja, larve drugog i trećeg stupnja, kao i lutke, dok je Dipel 2x pokazao visoku efikasnost
na nivou LC50 (100%) samo za larve prvog stupnja. Podaci pokazuju da su procenti
formiranja lutke i izlaska bili značajno različiti u svim tretmanima u poređenju sa kontrolom,
dok su razlike bile bez značaja za deformisane lutke i malformacije odraslih jedinki kada je
tretman insekticidima bio u petom stadijumu larve. Pored toga, izletanje adulta P. unionalis
nakon tretiranja u stadijumu lutke zavisilo je od koncentracije, a značajne razlike su dobijene
između tretmana insekticidima i kontrole. Mectin, Radiant i Dipel 2x su imali najjači efekat
na izletanje adulta i procenat malformacija kod adulta. Što se tiče toksičnosti insekticida
za endoparazitoid A. syleptae, tretirane lutke razvile su se u stadijum odraslih jedinki bez
značajnih razlika u poređenju sa kontrolom. Takođe, životni vek adulta tog parazitoida nije
se razlikovao između tretmana insekticidima i kontrole.
Chlorophyll as a measure of plant health: Agroecological aspects
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1487
Chlorophyll as a measure of plant health: Agroecological aspects
Pavlovic, Danijela; Nikolic, Bogdan; Djurovic, Sanja; Waisi, Hadi; Andjelkovic, Ana; Marisavljevic, Dragana
As photosynthesis is the basic process during which light energy is absorbed and converted
into organic matter, the importance of the plant pigment chlorophyll (a and b forms) as an intermediary
in transformation of the absorbed solar energy and its activity in the process of photosynthesis
and synthesis of organic substances in plants are crucial. Therefore, this paper provides
an overview of methods for monitoring the optical activity of chlorophyll molecules and
methods (non-destructive and destructive) for quantification of chlorophyll in plants. These
methods are used to estimate the effects of different stress factors (abiotic, biotic and xenobiotic)
on the efficiency of photosynthesis and bioproductivity, aiming to assess the impact that
these limiting factors have on the yield of various cultivars. Also, those methods for analysis of
chlorophyll optical activity and/or content are appropriate for assessing the reaction of weed
species to different agricultural practices (mineral nutrition, treatment by herbicides, etc.) and
studies of different aspects of weed ecophysiology and their influence on crop harvest.; Kako je proces fotosinteze osnovni proces tokom kojeg se svetlosna energija apsorbuje
i konvertuje u organsku materiju, ključni je značaj postojanja biljnog pigmenta hlorofila
(a i b forma) kao posrednika u transformaciji apsorbovane svetlosne energije i njegove aktivnosti
u procesu fotosinteze i sinteze organskih materija kod biljaka. Stoga je u radu dat
pregled metoda za praćenje optičke aktivnosti molekula hlorofila, kao i metoda (nedestruktivnih
i destruktivnih) kvantifikacije hlorofila u biljkama. Ove metode se primenjuju u proceni
uticaja različitih stresnih faktora (abiotskih, biotskih i ksenobiotskih) na efikasnost fotosinteze
i bioproduktivnost biljaka, sa ciljem procenjivanja uticaja koji ovi ograničavajući faktori
imaju na prinos useva. Takođe, pomenute metode za analizu optičke aktivnosti i/ili sadržaja
hlorofila su odgovarajuće i za procenu reakcije korova na različite poljoprivredne prakse
(mineralna ishrana, primena herbicida i sl.) i ispitivanje različitih aspekata ekofiziologije korova
i procenu njihovog uticaja na prinos useva.