VOL 27 *No.2
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1216
1 http://www.pesting.org.rs/2012.php2024-03-29T04:58:13ZResidual Toxicity of Abamectin, Chlorpyrifos, Cyromazine, Indoxacarb and Spinosad on Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Greenhouse Conditions
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1456
Residual Toxicity of Abamectin, Chlorpyrifos, Cyromazine, Indoxacarb and Spinosad on Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Greenhouse Conditions
Saryazdi, Ghasem Askari; Hejazi, Mir Jalil; Saber, Moosa
Liriomyza trifolii is an important pest of vegetable crops in many parts of the world
including Iran. In this study potted bean plants were sprayed with recommended field
rates of abamectin, chlorpyrifos, cyromazine, indoxacarb and spinosad. To assess the residual
activities of these insecticides, the plants were infested with L. trifolii adults 2 hours; 1, 3,
5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 35 days after insecticidal treatments. The adults were allowed to stay
on treated plants for eight hours. The treated plants were kept in a greenhouse. Number
of feeding stipples and larval mines on leaves, as well as pupation and adult eclosion rates
were assessed. Two-way ANOVA procedure of SAS was used for statistical analysis and
the treatment means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range test. Abamectin and
spinosad severely affected egg hatching and embryonic development. Eggs oviposited in
leaves with residues of chlorpyrifos up to 5 days old, had reduced hatching. Larval development
was also, affected by residues of chlorpyrifos up to four weeks old. Indoxacarb
reduced larval development and adult eclosion in treatments with up to 20 days old residues.
Cyromazine had no effect on the number of larval mines, but, pupation was severely
hampered and adult eclosion was completely ceased even in treatments with five weeks
old residues. Determining the residual activity of insecticides used for controlling this pest
is useful in avoiding unnecessary treatments.; Liriomyza trifolii je značajna štetočina povrtarskih biljaka u mnogim delovima sveta
uključujući i Iran. U ovom radu, biljke pasulja uzgojene u saksijama su prskane preporučenim
dozama abamektina, hlorpirifosa, ciromazina, indoksakarba i spinosada. U cilju procene rezidualne
toksičnosti ovih insekticida biljke su infestirane imagom L. trifolii u trajanju od 2 časa;
1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25 i 35 dana nakon tretmana insekticidima. Imagu je bilo dozvoljeno da
se zadrži na tretiranim biljkama osam časova. Tretirane biljke su čuvane u stakleniku. U radu
je ocenjen broj tačkastih oštećenja usled ishrane i broj mina na listovima, kao i stepen
ulutkavanja i eklozije imaga. Podaci su obrađeni dvofaktorijalnom analizom varijanse u SAS
programu, a primenjen je i Dankanov test višestrukih poređenja. Abamektin i spinosad su
značajno uticali na piljenje i embrionalni razvoj. Piljenje iz jaja položenih u listove sa reziduama
hlopirifosa starim do pet dana je bilo smanjeno. Razvoj larvi je takođe bio pod uticajem
rezidua hlorpirifosa starosti do četiri nedelje. Indoksakarb je uticao na smanjenje razvoja
larvi i ekloziju imaga u tretmanima sa reziduama starim do 20 dana. Ciromazin nije uticao
na broj mina, ali je ulutkavanje bilo značajno ometeno, a eklozija imaga u potpunosti
zaustavljena čak i u tretmanima sa pet nedelja starim reziduama. Određivanje rezidualne
aktivnosti insekticida koji se koriste za kontrolu ove štetočine je korisno sa aspekta izostavljanja
nepotrebnih tretmana.
Comparison of Methods for Bifenthrin Residues Determination in Fermented Wheat Samples
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1445
Comparison of Methods for Bifenthrin Residues Determination in Fermented Wheat Samples
Djordjevic, Tijana; Djurovic, Rada; Gajic Umiljendic, Jelena
Efficiency of three different sample preparation methods for GC/MS determination
of bifenthrin residues in wheat (Triticum spelta) samples fermented by Lactobacillus
plantarum was tested. The first method was based on a methanol:acetone=1:1 extraction
folowed by a purification on columns containing mixture of aluminium oxide and activated
charcoal slurry-packed and eluted with dichlormethane, the second was based on
methanol:acetone=1:1 extraction folowed by the purification on florisil column and elution
by ethil acetate:acetone=4:1, while the third tested method was based on a combination
of the first two mentioned methods, thus methanol:acetone=1:1 extraction and clean-up
throught columns filled with a mixture of aluminum oxide and activated charcoal slurrypacked
and eluted with ethil acetate:acetone=4:1. The second method was the most effective
for obtaining satisfactory recoveries for bifenthrin in a range of 79-83% for four fortification
levels, with good reproducibility i.e. RSD% in a range of 2.2-7.4%. The chosen method
was further optimized by assessing the optimum volume of elution solvent used during
the clean-up procedures. The highest recovery of 82.1% was obtained after elution with
25 ml of solvent. Overall, two-step extraction with 25 ml of methanol:acetone=1:1 solvent
mix for 30 min, followed by clean-up procedure through a glass column with florisil coupled
with elution with 25 ml of ethyl acetate: acetone=4:1, allows simple, efficient and reliable
GC/MS detection of bifenthrin residues from wheat grain fermented by L. plantarum.; Testirane su efikasnosti tri različite metode pripreme uzoraka za određivanje ostataka
bifentrina u uzorcima pšenice (Triticum spelta) fermentisane pomoću Lactobacillus plantarum.
Prva metoda zasnivala se na metanolsko-acetonskoj (1:1) ekstrakciji i prečišćavanju
kroz kolonu punjenu smešom aluminijum-oksida i aktivnog uglja u kombinaciji sa dihlormetanom
kao eluentom, druga se zasnivala na metanolsko-acetonskoj (1:1) ekstrakciji i prečišćavanju
kroz kolonu punjenu florisilom u kombinaciji sa smešom etil-acetata i acetona
(4:1) kao eluentom, dok se treća zasnivala na kombinaciji prve dve, tj. metanolsko-acetonskoj
(1:1) ekstrakciji i prečišćavanju kroz kolonu punjenu smešom aluminijum-oksida i aktivnog
uglja u kombinaciji sa smešom etil-acetata i acetona (4:1) kao eluentom. Pokazalo se
da je druga testirana metoda najefikasnija, pri čemu su dobijeni prinosi bifentrina u opsegu
79-83% za četiri koncentraciona nivoa obogaćivanja, sa RSD% u opsegu 2,2-7,4%. Odabrana
metoda je dodatno optimizovana variranjem različitih zapremina korišćenog eluenta.
Najveći prinos metode postignut je pri zapremini eluenta od 25 ml. Predložena metoda,
bazirana na 30-minutnoj ekstrakciji sa 25 ml smeše metanol:aceton=1:1, prečišćavanju na
florisilskoj koloni i eluiranju sa 25 ml smeše etil-acetat:aceton=4:1, pokazala se kao efikasna,
jednostavna i pouzdana metoda za određivanje ostataka bifentrina u fermentisanom žitnom
supstratu.
Maize, Sunflower and Barley Sensitivity to the Residual Activity of Clomazone in Soil
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1444
Maize, Sunflower and Barley Sensitivity to the Residual Activity of Clomazone in Soil
Gajic Umiljendic, Jelena; Jovanovic-Radovanov, Katarina; Radivojevic, Ljiljana; Santric, Ljiljana; Djurovic, Rada; Djordjevic, Tijana
Sensitivity of maize, sunflower and barley to clomazone residues in loamy soil was
assessed in the study using bioassay. Clomazone was applied at a series of concentrations
from 0.12 to 12 mg a.i./kg of soil. After 14 days, morphological (shoot height, fresh and dry
weight) and physiological (content of carotenoids, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b) parameters
were measured. The results showed that morphological parameters are not valid indicators
of clomazone sensitivity. Based on the results showing inhibition of the physiological
parameters, I50 values were calculated and used to estimate the difference in sensitivity
between the species tested. Sunflower was the most sensitive species, while the difference
in sensitivity between maize and barley was not significant.
Nomenclature: clomazone (2-(2-chlorbenzyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1,2-oxazolidin-3-one), maize
(Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.); U radu je ispitivana osetljivost kukuruza, suncokreta i ječma na rezidualno delovanje
klomazona u zemljištu tipa ilovače, metodom biotesta. Klomazon je primenjen u seriji koncentracija
0,12-12 mg a.s./kg zemljišta. Nakon 14 dana rasta biljaka mereni su morfološki (visina,
sveža i suva masa izdanka) i fiziološki parametri (sadržaj karotenoida, hlorofila a i hlorofila
b). Konstatovano je da morfološki parametri nisu pouzdano merilo osetljivosti na klomazon.
Prema ostvarenim procentima inhibicije za merene fiziološke parametre izračunate su vrednosti
I50, a na osnovu njih utvrđene su razlike u osetljivosti ispitivanih biljnih vrsta. Najosetljiviji
je bio suncokret, dok se kukuruz i ječam nisu međusobno značajno razlikovali.
Powdery Mildew on Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1443
Powdery Mildew on Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
Nakova, Mariana
Symptoms resembling powdery mildew appeared on spinach crops during April and
May in 2007. Infected plants have suppressed growth, smaller and degenerated young
leaves. The affected leaves become yellowish and wilt in a short time. High temperatures
and draught conditions cause drying out of the affected plants. The symptoms are similar
to physiological degeneration but are found on single plants or on small groups of plants.
When plants are carefully examined, fine, exogenic mycelium is found on the leave blades.
The mycelium can be clearly seen close to the main veins where it becomes denser and
forms mycelium patches. On the leaf and flower stalks and plant stems the mycelium is
white and fine at the beginning, and later becomes grayish.
Under microscope analysis ectophytic mycelia of exogenic origin and short chains
of spores are observed. On short conidiophores, chains with two types of conidia are
formed: macro conidia that are one-celled, colorless, thin-walled, elliptical to cylindrical,
sized 24.5-28.4 x 17.5 μm; and micro conidia – ovoid to elliptical, sized 10.4-14.1 x 7.7 μm.
Teleomorphs are found in groups or as a single structure mainly close to the leaf veins. They
are roundish and have appendages with uncinate-circinate to helicoids apex, sized - 87.5-
150 μm. Cleistothecia have 4-5 to 8 asci (68.0 x 38.0 μm), with 4 to 8 elliptical ascospores,
sized 15.5-22.0 х 11.0-17.5 μm. The causal agent of powdery mildew on spinach found in
Bulgaria has been identified as Uncinula spp. (Sawadaea spp.), Euoidium type anamorph,
subspecies spinaciae.; U oktobru i maju 2007. godine primećeni su simptomi na biljkama spanaća koji podsećaju
na peplnicu. Inficirane biljke imaju slabiji porast, male i degenerisane mlade listove. Zahvaćeni
listovi žute i za kratko vreme venu. Visoke temperature i suše dovode do sušenja
obolelih biljaka. Simptomi su slični degenerativnim promenama fiziološkog porekla, ali se
javljaju ili na pojedinačnim biljkama ili na manjim grupama biljaka. Prilikom pažljivog pregleda
biljaka uočava se nežna, egzogena micelija na obodu lista. Micelija je jasno uočljiva u
blizini glavnih lisnih nerava gde postaje gušća i formira spletove. Na lisnim i cvetnim drškama
i stabljici micelija je u početku nežna i bela, a kasnije dobija sivkastu boju. Pod mikroskopom
se uočava ektofitna micelija egzogenog porekla i spore u kratkim nizovima. Na kratkim
konidioforama formiraju se nizovi dva tipa konidija: jednoćelijske, bezbojne, eliptične
do cilindrične makrokonidije tankih zidova, veličine 24,5-28,4 x 17,5 μm; i mikrokonidije – jajaste
do eliptične, veličine 10,4-14,1 x 7,7 μm. Teleomorfne strukture se pronalaze u grupama
ili pojedinačno, uglavnom u blizini lisnih nerava. Okruglastog su oblika i imaju apendicese
sa kukastim-prstenastim ili helikoidnim vrhom, veličine 87,5-150 μm. Kleistotecije imaju
4-5 do 8 askusa (68,0 x 38,0 μm) sa 4 do 8 elipsoidnih askospora, veličine 15,5-22,0 x 11,0-17,5
μm. Prouzrokovač pepelnice spanaća pronađen u Bugarskoj identifikovan je kao Uncinula
spp. (Sawadaea spp.), bespolni stadijum tipa Euoidium, podvrsta spinaciae.