VOL 23 *No.4
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1238
http://www.pesting.org.rs/2008.php2024-03-28T18:37:12ZDetermination of Atrazine, Acetochlor, Clomazone, Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen in Soil by a Solid Phase Microextraction Method
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1318
Determination of Atrazine, Acetochlor, Clomazone, Pendimethalin and Oxyfluorfen in Soil by a Solid Phase Microextraction Method
Djurovic, Rada; Gajic-Umiljendic, Jelena; Djordjevic, Tijana
A solid phase microextraction (SPME) method for simultaneous determination of atrazine,
acetochlor, clomazone, pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen in soil samples was developed.
The method is based on a combination of conventional liquid-solid procedure and
a following SPME determination of the selected pesticides. Initially, various microextraction
conditions, such as the fibre type, desorption temperature and time, extraction time
and NaCl content, were investigated and optimized. Then, extraction efficiencies of several
solvents (water, hexane, acetonitrile, acetone and methanol) and the optimum number of
extraction steps within the sample preparation step were optimized.
According to the results obtained in these two sets of experiments, two successive
extractions with methanol as the extraction solvent were the optimal sample preparation
procedure, while the following conditions were found to be most efficient for SPME measurements:
100 μm PDMS fibre, desorption for 7 min at 2700C, 30 min extraction time and
5% NaCl content (w/v).
Detection and quantification were done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC/MS). Relative standard deviation (RSD) values for multiple analysis of soil samples fortified
at 30 μg/kg of each pesticide were below 19%. Limits of detection (LOD) for all the
compounds studied were less than 2 μg/kg.; Za istovremeno određivanje atrazina, acetohlora, klomazona, pendimetalina i oksifluorfena
u zemljištu ustanovljena je metoda mikroekstrakcije u čvrstoj fazi (SPME). Metoda
je zasnovana na kombinaciji klasične tečno-čvrste pripreme uzorka i SPME određivanja.
Izvršena je optimizacija najvažnijih mikroekstrakcionih parametara, kao što su izbor ekstrakcionog
vlakna, desorpciona temperatura i vreme, ekstrakciono vreme i sadržaj natrijumhlorida
(NaCl). Ispitivani su, takođe, ekstrakciona efikasnost različitih rastvarača (voda, heksan,
acetonitril, aceton i metanol), kao i optimalan broj ekstrakcionih koraka u toku pripreme
uzoraka zemljišta. Na osnovu rezultata dobijenih iz ova dva seta eksperimenata izabrani
su sledeći radni uslovi: dve sukcesivne ekstrakcije sa metanolom kao ekstrakcionim rastvaračem
u stupnju pripreme uzorka, dok su za mikroekstrakcione uslove uzeti: 100 μm PDMS
vlakno, desorpcija u trajanju od 7 min na 270ºC, ekstrakciono vreme – 30 min, uz dodatak
NaCl (5%, w/v).
Detekcija i kvantifikacija analita je vršena gasno-masenim spektrometrom (GC/MS).
Vrednosti relativnih standardnih devijacija (RSDs) višestruko ponovljenog merenja uzorka
obogaćenog do 30 μg/kg svakog pesticida su ispod 19%. Granice detekcije (LODs) za sve
pesticide uključene u ispitivanje su ispod 2 μg/kg.
Laboratory Tests for Group and Individual Exposures of Arion lusitanicus Mabille Slugs to Different Molluscicide Baits
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1317
Laboratory Tests for Group and Individual Exposures of Arion lusitanicus Mabille Slugs to Different Molluscicide Baits
Stojnic, Bojan; Vuksa, Marina; Jokic, Goran
Molluscicide baits based on different active ingredients were tested in a seven-day laboratory
trial on juveniles and young adults of Arion lusitanicus Mabille slug collected in ruderal
sites during June and July of 2008. Before setting the trial, the slugs were adapted to
laboratory conditions.
The testing was conducted using a modified version of the method proposed by
Godan (1983) and Wiktor (1989). The slugs were kept in arenas under controlled conditions
(20-24oC temperature, 80-90% relative air humidity, no air stream, diffuse daylight). Smaller
(15.5 x 15.5 x 7 cm) and larger (28 x 17.5 x 7 cm) arenas were used, depending on slug numbers,
and different rates of food and bait were administered. Plastic boxes with perforated
coverage, lined with multi-ply paper moistened on a daily basis, were used as arenas. The
slugs were fed on fresh salad daily, while baits were administered in open 35 mm petri dishes
once for the duration of experiment. The first trial involved single-slug exposures to bait
in 20 arenas per each of four treatments with two replicates and a total of 160 slugs. The
second trial, group exposure, involved four treatments of five slugs per arena in six replicates
with a total of 120 slugs.
The products Arion and Pužomor demonstrated the highest efficacy (77.5%) in the single-
slug trial. The average efficacy of the product Carakol after seven days of exposure was
60.0%. Regarding group exposure, Pužomor pellets achieved 79.3% efficacy after three
days and this efficacy rate remained for the rest of the experiment. On the seventh day of
exposure, Arion and Carakol had 33.3% and 40.0% efficacy, respectively.; Sedmodnevno laboratorijsko testiranje delovanja moluskocidnih mamaka na bazi različitih
aktivnih materija obavljeno je na juvenilima i mladim adultima golaća Arion lusitanicus
Mabille, prikupljenim na ruderalnim površinama tokom juna i jula meseca 2008. godine. Pre
postavljanja ogleda, prikupljeni golaći adaptirani su na laboratorijske uslove.
Testiranje je izvedeno prema prilagođenoj metodi koju su predložili Godan (1983) i
Wiktor (1989). Puževi su držani u arenama, u kontrolisanim uslovima (temperatura 20-24oC,
relativna vlažnost 80-90%, bez strujanja vazduha i uz difuzno dnevno svetlo). Zavisno od
broja jedinki, primenjene su manje (15,5 x 15,5 x 7 cm) i veće (28 x 17,5 x 7 cm) arene i različite
količine hrane i mamaka. Kao arene su upotrebljene plastične kutije sa perforiranim poklopcem,
obložene višeslojnom hartijom, koja je vlažena jednom dnevno. Puževi su dnevno
hranjeni svežom salatom, a mamak je postavljan u otvorene petrijeve posude prečnika
35 mm, i nije menjan tokom eksperimenta. Prvi ogled, individualno izlaganje golaća mamcima,
obavljen je sa četiri tretmana po 20 arena, u dva ponavljanja, sa ukupno 160 puževa.
Drugi ogled, grupno izlaganje mamcima, obavljen je sa četiri tretmana po pet puževa u areni,
u šest ponavljanja, sa ukupno 120 puževa.
U eksperimentu sa jednim pužem u areni, najveću efikasnost postigli su preparati Arion
i Pužomor pelete (77,5%). Prosečna efikasnost preparata Carakol, posle sedam dana ekspozicije,
bila je 60,0%. Grupnim izlaganjem puževa mamcima, preparat Pužomor pelete, trećeg
dana ekspozicije, pokazao je efikasnost od 79,3%, koja se nije menjala do kraja eksperimenta.
Sedmog dana ekspozicije efikasnost preparata Arion i Carakol bila je 33,3%, odnosno
40,0%.
Effects of Two Formulations Based on Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis on Aedes aegypti Mosquito Larvae under Laboratory Conditions
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1316
Effects of Two Formulations Based on Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis on Aedes aegypti Mosquito Larvae under Laboratory Conditions
Peric, Milenka; Prijovic, Mirjana; Andric, Goran
Toxicity and persistence of two formulations based on Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis
applied to Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae were tested under laborabory conditions.
The formulations were: a) water dispersible granules (product VectoBac WDG), and b) aqueous suspension (product VectoBac 12AS). The effects of both products on mosquito larvae
were tested immediately after their dilution in pure water (zero time) and in 1-, 2-, 8- and
13-day old solutions. The two products were also tested in mixtures of water and clay at a
rate of 0.5 g clay/150 ml water immediately after product dilution, and in one-day old solutions
containing 0.1 and 0.05 g of clay in the same amount of water. The product VectoBac
WDG was persistant and highly effective against Ae. aegypti larvae in pure water after the
longest experimental period of 13 days, and significantly more effective than VectoBac
12AS at equal rates of application. The effectiveness of VectoBac 12AS weakened significantly
after 8 and 13 days of treatment, compared to the effects at zero time and in 1- and
2-day old solutions. High clay content in water significantly reduced the larvicidal effectiveness
of both products, indicating its possible compromising role during product application
in practice.; U laboratorijskim uslovima ispitivana je toksičnost i trajnost delovanja na larve komarca
Aedes aegypti dve formulacije na bazi Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis: a) vododisperzibilne
granule (preparat VectoBac WDG) i b) tečna suspenzija (preparat VectoBac 12AS).
Utvrđivani su efekti oba preparata na larve u čistoj vodi neposredno posle njihovog rastvaranja
(nulto vreme), a potom u rastvorima starim 1, 2, 8 i 13 dana. Takođe, testirani su efekti
preparata u vodi sa glinom u količini 0,5 g na 150 ml vode, neposredno posle pravljenja
rastvora, i efekti preparata u istoj zapremini vode sa količinama gline od 0,1 i 0,05 g, u rastvorima
starim jedan dan. Konstatovano je da je preparat VectoBac WDG perzistentan i visoko
efektivan u delovanju na larve Ae. aegypti u čistoj vodi tokom 13 dana posle primene
(koliko je trajao eksperiment) i u istim dozama značajno je efektivniji nego VectoBac 12AS.
Efektivnost preparata VectoBac 12AS značajno slabi osam i 13 dana nakon primene u poređenju
sa efektima ispoljenim u nulto vreme i jedan i dva dana kasnije. Kod oba preparata
larvicidnu aktivnost značajno smanjuje visok sadržaj gline u vodi, što ukazuje na njenu moguću
ulogu u kompromitovanju praktične primene ovih preparata.
Effects of Shepherd’s Purse (Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medic.) on the Chemical Composition of Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1315
Effects of Shepherd’s Purse (Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medic.) on the Chemical Composition of Lucerne (Medicago sativa L.)
Dimitrova, Tsvetanka; Marinov-Serafimov, Plamen
A study was conducted in a pure stand of lucerne (variety Viktoria) under natural weed
infestation with shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medic.) on a slightly leached
chernozem soil under nonirrigated conditions in the experimental field of the Institute of
Forage Crops – Pleven during the 2006-2007 period.
The effect of shepherd’s purse Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medic. on the chemical composition
of lucerne Medicago sativa (L.) was analyzed.
Statistically significant (P<0.05) functional relations were found between the chemical
characteristics and percentage of Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medic. participation in the
lucerne sward, and forage quality. These relations indicated a multiple practical relevance
and a necessity to control Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medic. in lucerne stands in order to
decrease weed density and improve forage quality.; Tokom perioda 2006-2007. godine obavljeno je istraživanje na eksperimentalnom polju
Instituta za krmno bilje u čistom zasadu lucerke (varijetet Viktoria) sa prirodnom zakorovljenošću
rusomačom (Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medic.) na blago izluženom černozemu u
uslovima bez navodnjavanja.
Analiziran je efekat rusomače Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medic. na hemijski sastav lucerke
Medicago sativa (L.).
Konstatovani su statistički značajni (P<0,05) funkcionalni odnosi između hemijskih osobina
i procenta učešća Capsella bursa pastoris (L.) Medic. u lucerki, i kvaliteta krmiva. Ovi odnosi
ukazuju na višestruku praktičnu važnost i potrebu suzbijanja vrste Capsella bursa pastoris
(L.) Medic. u lucerki kako bi se smanjila gustina korova i poboljšao kvalitet krmiva.