VOL 22 *No.2
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1241
http://www.pesting.org.rs/2007.php2024-03-29T11:49:01ZHeadspace Solid Phase Microextraction in Pesticide Residues Analysis: 2. Apple Samples
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1277
Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction in Pesticide Residues Analysis: 2. Apple Samples
Djurovic, Rada; Milinovic, Jelena; Markovic, Mirjana; Markovic, Dragan
Headspace solid phase microextraction method (HS/SPME), optimised previously for
pesticide water solutions, was applied to trace residues of the pesticides chlorpyrifos, fenthion
and bifenthrin in apple samples. One-hour extraction procedure was performed
at 60oC extraction temperature. Nonpolar polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) fiber was used.
Detection and quantification were carried out by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
(GC/MS).
A non-pesticide treated apple sample was fortified with the pesticides over a 0.025-
1.25 mg/kg concentration range in order to determine analytical parameters of the method
applied. Linearity with regression coefficient (R) values higher than 0.99 were obtained over
the whole concentration range investigated for chlorpyrifos and fenthion, while linear dependence
was observed in the 0.1-1.25 mg/kg range for bifenthrin. Relative recovery values
for samples fortified at different levels were in the 56.68-82.91% range. Limit of detection
(LOD) values were determined as follows: 0.014 mg/kg for chlorpyrifos, 0.021 mg/kg for fenthion
and 0.053 mg/kg for bifenthrin. Relative standard deviation (RSD) values obtained for
multiple analysis of the sample fortified at 0.6 mg/kg level were not higher than 20%.; Metoda mikroekstrakcije u čvrstoj fazi - uzorkovanje iz gasovite faze (HS/SPME) optimizovana sa mešanim standardnim rastvorima hlorpirifosa, fentiona i bifentrina je testirana
na uzorcima jabuka. Ekstrakcija u trajanju od 60 minuta je izvršena na temperaturi od
60oC sa 2 ml pripremljenog uzorka. Korišćeno je nepolarno 100 μm polidimetilsiloksansko
(PDMS) vlakno. Detekcija i kvantifikacija su izvr.ene metodom gasno-masene spektrometrije
(GC/MS).
U cilju određivanja analitičkih parametara, pravljena je serija obogaćenja referentnog
uzorka jabuka mešanim standardnim rastvorom pesticida tako da finalne koncentracije budu
u rasponu 0.025-1.25 mg/kg. Linearnost (r2 > 0.99) je dobijena za ceo ispitivani koncentracioni
opseg. Prinosi ekstrakcije za sve pesticide i sve koncentracije uključene u ispitivanje
su u rasponu 56.68-82.91%. Granice detekcije metode (LOD) su bile 0.014 mg/kg za hlorpirifos,
0.021 mg/kg za fention i 0.053 mg/kg za bifentrin. Preciznost, odnosno ponovljivost
merenja je određena na uzorku obogaćenom sa 0.6 mg/kg svakog pesticida. Izračunate
RSD vrednosti su uvek bile ispod 20%.
Pome Fruit Viruses in Bosnia and Herzegovina
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1276
Pome Fruit Viruses in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Lolic, Biljana; Myrta, Arben; Djuric, Gordana; Krstic, Branka
Field surveys and laboratory tests were carried out to assess the sanitary status of pome
fruit trees in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Field surveys were carried out in 10 orchards, two nurseries
and one varietal collectione during 2005-2006. A total of 65 apple and 51 pear cultivars
were tested for the presence of the four most important pome fruit viruses: Apple chlorotic
leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV) and
Apple mosaic virus (ApMV). The most frequent viruses of apple were ACLSV (72%) and ASPV
(69%), whereas for pear those were ASGV (69%) and ACLSV (64%). Biological indexing was
more reliable than ELISA for virus detection. Multiplex RT-PCR results of 20 randomly selected
apple cultivars were in line with biological indexing.
This is the first report of the presence of ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV and ApMV in Bosnia and
Herzegovina in pome fruits.; Pregled voćnjaka i laboratorijska testiranja vršena su u cilju utvrđivanja sanitarnog statusa
jabučastih voćaka u Bosni i Hercegovini. Pregledano je 10 voćnjaka, dva rasadnika i jedan
kolekcioni zasad tokom 2005. godine. Ukupno 65 sorti jabuke i 50 kruške testirano je na
prisustvo četiri najznačajnija virusa jabučastih voćaka: virus hlorotične lisne pegavosti jabuke
(Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, ACLSV), virus jamičavosti stabla jabuke (Apple stem pitting
virus, ASPV), virus brazdavosti stabla jabuke (Apple stem grooving virus, ASGV) i virus mozaika
jabuke (Apple mosaic virus, ApMV). Na ispitivanim sortama jabuke, najzastupljeniji su bili
ACLSV (72%) i ASPV (69%), dok je najznačajnije prisustvo, na određenim sortama kruške,
utvrđeno za ASGV (69%) i ACLSV (64%). Biološko indeksiranje se pokazalo kao pouzdanija
tehnika za detekciju virusa jabučastih voćaka od ELISA. Kod 20 slučajno odabranih sorti
jabuke, rezultati dobijeni biološkim indeksiranjem su potvrđeni multiplex RT-PCR. Ovaj rad
predstavlja prvo saopštenje o prisustvu virusa ACLSV, ASPV, ASGV i ApMV na jabučastim
voćkama u Bosni i Hercegovini.
Identification of Potato Virus Y Strains in Tobacco Crops
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1275
Identification of Potato Virus Y Strains in Tobacco Crops
Djekic, Ivana; Bulajic, Aleksandra; Zindovic, Jelena; Berenji, Janos; Paukovic, Milena; Krstic, Branka
Five viruses: Potato Virus Y (PVY), Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, Cucumber Mosaic Virus,
Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Alfalfa Mosaic Virus, of which PVY was predominant, were detected
by serological testing of tobacco samples collected from many localities in Vojvodina in
2006. Viruses are the most important pathogens in tobacco and PVY causes considerable
economic damages all over the world. A PVY population comprises several different strain
groups, strain subgroups and recombinant strains. Among these, PVYN (necrotic strain) and
PVYO (ordinary strain) cause the greatest yield and quality losses in tobacco. Identification of
a prevalent strain in a PVY population is the basis of proper tobacco genotype selection for
resistance against this significant virus.
Typical symptoms caused by PVY were observed by monitoring tobacco crops in our
country in 2006. The symptoms occurred as changes in the general plant appearance, as
well as necrotic areas on leaves, petiols, stems and flowers. The initial symptoms of veinal
necrosis were expanded throughout the leaf, causing reddish-brown (copper) plant color
and premature death of lower leaves. Plants with these symptoms occurred in all monitored
localities and their frequency was high.
In order to understand various epidemiological aspects of the diseases caused by PVY
and to prevent its occurrence and spreading in tobacco crops, it is necessary to properly
identify this virus in time. Biological, serological and molecular identification of the virus
and its prevalent strain was carried out in order to determine tobacco disease ethiology.
The results obtained suggest that this prevalent strain of PVY has been spreading progressively
in our country in recent years.
Although PVYN is widely spread in tobacco crops in Europe, its destructiveness, disease
intensity and wide distribution in Serbia were established only in the last two years.
PVY necrotic strain was detected mainly in single infections, although it was also present in
mixed infections with other tobacco viruses.; Serološkim testiranjem uzoraka duvana prikupljenih u više lokaliteta u Vojvodini 2006.
godine detektovani su Potato Virus Y (PVY), Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus, Cucumber Mosaic Virus,
Tobacco Mosaic Virus i Alfalfa Mosaic Virus, pri čemu je PVY bio dominantan. Virusi su najznačajniji
prouzrokovači oboljenja duvana, a virus crtičastog mozaika krompira (PVY) izaziva
ekonomski značajne štete širom sveta. Populaciju PVY čini više različitih grupa sojeva, podgrupa
u okviru određenog soja i sojeva nastalih rekombinacijom. Od opisanih, PVYN (nekrotični
soj) i PVYO (obični soj) prouzrokuju najveće gubitke u prinosu i kvalitetu duvana.
Poznavanje predominantnog soja u populaciji PVY osnova je pravilne selekcije genotipova
duvana otpornih na ovaj značajan virus.
Pregledom useva duvana u Srbiji tokom 2006. godine, uočeni su tipični simptomi koje
izaziva PVY. Simptomi su se ispoljavali u vidu promena opšteg izgleda biljaka, kao i nekrotičnih
promena na lišću, peteljkama, stablu i cvetu. Početni simptomi nekroze nerava su se širili
i zahvatali celu lisku, usled čega su biljke dobile crvenkastosmeđu (bakarnu) boju, a donje
lišće je prevremeno izumiralo. Biljke sa ovakvim simptomima javljale su se u svim pregledanim
lokalitetima, a učestalost pojave bila je veoma visoka.
Kako bi se razumeli razni epidemiološki aspekti oboljenja koje izaziva PVY i sprečila njegova
pojava i širenje u usevu duvana, neophodna je pravilna i pravovremena identifikacija
virusa. U cilju razjašnjavanja etiologije izvršena je biološka, serološka i molekularna identifikacija
virusa i njegovog prevalentnog soja koji je očigledno u progresivnom širenju poslednjih
godina na duvanu u našoj zemlji.
Iako je PVYN široko rasprostranjen na duvanu u Evropi, destruktivnost, visok intenzitet zaraze
i široka rasprostranjenost ustanovljeni su u Srbiji tek poslednje dve godine. Nekrotični
soj PVY detektovan je uglavnom u pojedinačnim infekcijama, mada je, u manjoj meri, dokazan
i u mešanim infekcijama sa drugim virusima duvana.
Biological Traits of Botrytis cinerea Pers. Isolates Differently Sensitive to Dicarboximides
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1274
Biological Traits of Botrytis cinerea Pers. Isolates Differently Sensitive to Dicarboximides
Tanovic, Brankica
A study of biological characteristics of both field and laboratory isolates revealed that
highly resistant isolates were morphologically different from their original wild types. The
majority of them were less pathogenic and produced less sclerotia than the original ones.
Significant negative correlation between osmotic sensitivity and the degree of resistance
was recorded. The correlation between micelium growth rate and resistance to dicarboximides
was also significant and negative. Growth medium, acidity and growth temperature
had less effect on the micelium growth rate of the highly resistant isolates than on the
sensitive ones.; U radu su proučavane biološke karakteristike izolata B. cinerea različite osetljivosti na dikarboksimide. Utvrđeno je da se visokorezistentni izolati morfološki razlikuju od izolata normalne osetljivosti. Oni su uglavnom slabije patogeni i formiraju manji broj sklerocija od izolata normalne osetljivosti. Zabeležena je visoka negativna korelacija između osetljivosti na povećan osmotski pritisak i rezistentnosti na dikarboksimide, kao i brzine rasta izolata i rezistentnosti
na dikarboksimide. Uticaj temperature, vrste i kiselosti hranljive podloge na porast
micelije visoko rezistentnih izolata B. cinerea slabije je izražen u odnosu na porast osetljivih
izolata.