VOL 21 *No.3
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1245
http://www.pesting.org.rs/2006.php2023-08-22T06:52:50ZControl of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli on Bean Using Copper Compounds and a Plant Activator
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1253
Control of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli on Bean Using Copper Compounds and a Plant Activator
Todorovic, Biljana; Milijasevic, Svetlana; Rekanovic, Emil; Balaz, Jelica
The efficacy of several new formulations of copper compounds, namely Cuprozin 35
WP (copper-oxychloride), Cuproxat (copper-sulphate), Funguran OH (copper-hydroxide)
and the plant activator Bion (acibenzolar-S-methyl), and their combinations with dithiocarbamates
(Dithane M-70) was estimated in controlling Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli
(artificial inoculation) in field conditions in two localities during 2006. In the locality Zemun,
the efficacy of copper compounds ranged from 92.7% to 98.5%. The plant activator Bion
50 WG exhibited similar efficacy (94.4-97.1%). Combinations of Funguran OH and Dithane
M-70, applied at different concentrations, also showed high efficacy (98.3-99.3%), as well as
the combinations of Bion 50 WG and the other bactericides (95.5-96.8%). There was no significant difference between the efficacies achieved by the compounds applied individually
and their combinations, except Cuproxat, which exhibited decreased efficacy at lower
concentration. In the locality Smederevska Palanka, the efficacy of copper compounds was 95.0-98.2%, while Bion achieved 96.8-97.7% efficacy. Combinations of copper-hydroxide
(Funguran OH) and dithiocarbamates (Dithane M-70) also showed high efficacy (98.1-
99.4%) but without a significant difference. The efficacy of combinations of Bion and copper-
hydroxide, and Bion and mancozeb was 97.9-98.9%. There was no significant difference
in the efficacies of the bactericides tested or the efficacies of their combinations in
that locality. Our investigation confirmed high efficacy of acibenzolar-S-methyl, which was equal to the efficacy of standard bactericide treatment. This compound therefore offers a very good
alternative to conventional chemicals used for controlling bacterial diseases in beans.; U radu je ispitivana efikasnost novijih formulacija bakarnih jedinjenja; Cuprozin 35 WP (bakar-oksihlorid), Cuproxat (bakar-sulfat), Funguran OH (bakar-hidroksid) i aktivatora otpornosti Bion-a (acibenzolar-S-metil), i njihovih kombinacija sa ditiokarbamatima (Dithane M-70), u suzbijanju Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (veštačka inokulacija). Ispitivanja su obavljena tokom 2006. godine u poljskim uslovima na dva lokaliteta. Na lokalitetu Zemun, efikasnost bakarnih preparata kretala se 92.7-98.5%. Sličnu efikasnost ispoljio je i activator otpornosti Bion 50 WG (94.4-97.1%). Zadovoljavajuću efikasnost (98.3-99.3%) imale su I kombinacije preparata Funguran OH i Dithane M-70 pri različitim koncentracijama primene, kao i kombinacije Bion-a sa drugim preparatima (95.5-96.8%). Statistički značajne razlike u efikasnosti primenjenih preparata i njihovih mešavina nisu zabeležene, izuzev kod preparata Cuproxat, koji je ispoljio slabiju efikasnost pri nižoj koncentraciji primene. Na lokalitetu Smederevska Palanka efikasnost bakarnih jedinjenja iznosila je 95.0-98.2%, a za Bion 96.8-97.7%. Kombinacije bakar-hidroksida (Funguran OH) i ditiokarbamata (Dithane M-70) ispoljile
su nešto veću efikasnost (98.1-99.4%), ali razlike nisu bile statistički značajne. Efikasnost Bion-a u mešavini sa bakar-hidroksidom i mankozebom iznosila je 97.9-98.9%. Na ovom lokalitetu nisu konstatovane statistički značajne razlike između samostalno primenjenih preparata i njihovih kombinacija.
U ovim ispitivanjima potvrđena je i visoka efikasnost acibenzolar-S-metil-a (preparat Bion), koja je bila na nivou efikasnosti standardnih baktericida. Zbog toga ovo jedinjenje predstavlja dobru alternativu konvencionalnom hemijskom suzbijanju bakterioza pasulja.
Response of Verticillium fungicola var. fungicola, Mycogone perniciosa and Cladobotryum sp. Mushroom Pathogens to Some Essential Oils
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1252
Response of Verticillium fungicola var. fungicola, Mycogone perniciosa and Cladobotryum sp. Mushroom Pathogens to Some Essential Oils
Tanovic, Brankica; Potocnik, Ivana; Stanisavljevic, Barbara; Djordjevic, Marija; Rekanovic, Emil
Antifungal activity of 18 essential oils was evaluated against Verticillium fungicola var.
fungicola, Mycogone perniciosa and Cladobotryum sp., the causal agents of button mushroom diseases. Essential oils including: turpentine, basil, lemon, mint, fenchel, rose geranium, anise, cinnamon, scots pine, clove, thyme, juniper, lavender, orange, eucalyptus, rosemary, bergamot orange and tea tree, were screened for their effectiveness against the pathogens in vitro. In order to investigate fungicidal activity, isolates were exposed to the volatile phase of the oils for seven days. Of the 18 essential oils analyzed, cinnamon, clove, thyme, and tea tree showed the highest antifungal activity against all investigated mycopathogens, with Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) being 0.02 μl/ml of air. Turpentine essential oil expressed the lowest antifungal effect to all isolates tested.; U radu je ispitivano delovanje 18 etarskih ulja na Verticillium fungicola var. fungicola, Mycogone perniciosa i Cladobotryum sp., prouzrokovače bolesti šampinjona. Ispitano je antifungalno dejstvo etarskih ulja: terpentina, bosiljka, limuna, pitome nane, mora.a, geraniola, anisa, cimeta, bora, karanfili.a, timijana, kleke, lavande, pomorand.e, eukaliptusa, ruzmarina, bergamota i čajnog drveta na porast izolata in vitro. Fungicidni efekat gasovite faze etarskih ulja na izolate je određen nakon ekspozicije od sedam dana. Među 18 proučenih etarskih ulja, cimet, karanfili., timijan i čajno drvo su najtoksičniji za sve izolate mikopatogenih gljiva sa minimalnom fungicidnom koncentracijom od 0.02 μl/ml vazduha. Najslabije inhibitorno dejstvo ispoljila su ulja terpentina na sve testirane izolate.
Sublethal Effects of Spirodiclofen on Tetranychus urticae Koch Pre-Ovipositional Females After Different Exposure Times
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1251
Sublethal Effects of Spirodiclofen on Tetranychus urticae Koch Pre-Ovipositional Females After Different Exposure Times
Marcic, Dejan; Ogurlic, Irena
Sublethal effect of spirodiclofen on Tetranychus urticae females that survived different
exposure times in the pre-ovipositional period was evaluated calculating two parameters -
instantaneous rate of increase and net fertility - after six days of reproduction. The females
were exposed to four concentrations/doses of the acaricide: 96 mg /L (0.24 μg/cm2), 48 mg/L
(0.12 μg/cm2), 24 mg/L (0.06 μg/cm2) and 12 mg./L (0.03 μg/cm2) for 2, 6 and 24h in a leaf
disc bioassay. After 24h exposure to 12 mg/L, instantaneous rate of increase was significantly
reduced (0.545; 0.634 in control), while significant reduction in net fertility (20.61; 28.57
in the control) was recorded even after 2h exposure to the same concentration. The effect
of all tested concentrations of spirodiclofen on both parameters increased with exposure
time. The lowest values of instantaneous rate of increase (0.268) and net fertility (2.58) were
recorded after 24h exposure to 96 mg/L. After 24h exposure, the concentration increase
from 12 to 24 mg/L significantly reduced both parameters, while a further increase from
24 to 96 mg/L significantly reduced instantaneous rate of increase, but not net-fertility. The
results regarding T. urticae population management are discussed.; Subletalni efekti spirodiklofena na ženke Tetranychus urticae koje su preživele različito vreme ekspozicije u pre-ovipozicionom periodu ocenjivani su izračunavanjem dva parametra - trenutne stope rasta i neto-fertiliteta - nakon šest dana reprodukcije. U biotestu na lisnim isečcima ženke su bile izložene 2, 6 i 24h delovanju četiri koncentracije/doze akaricida: 96 mg/L (0.24 μg/cm2), 48 mg/L (0.12 μg/cm2), 24 mg/L (0.06 μg/cm2) i 12 mg/L (0.03 μg/cm2). Nakon 24-časovne koncentraciji 12 mg/L trenutna stopa rasta bila je značajno redukovana
(0.545; 0.634 u kontroli), dok je značajna redukcija neto-fertiliteta (20.61; 28.57 u
kontroli) zabeležena već posle 2-časovne ekspozicije istoj koncentraciji. Efekat sve četiri testirane koncentracije spirodiklofena na oba parametra povećavao se produžavanjem ekspozicije.
Najniže vrednosti trenutne stope rasta (0.268) i neto-fertiliteta (2.58) zabeležene
su posle 24-časovne ekspozicije koncentraciji 96 mg/L. Pove.žćanje koncentracije sa 12 na 24 mg/L značajno je redukovalo oba parametra; dalje povećanje koncentracije sa 24 na 96 mg/L značajno je redukovalo trenutnu stopu rasta, ali ne i neto-fertilitet. Dobijeni rezultati razmatrani su u kontekstu upravljanja populacijama T. urticae.
Effects off Atrazine on Soil Microorganisms
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1250
Effects off Atrazine on Soil Microorganisms
Radivojevic, Ljiljana; Santric, Ljiljana; Stankovic-Kalezic, Radmila
Effects of the herbicide atrazine on soil microorganisms was investigated. Trials were set
up in laboratory, on a clay loam soil. Atrazine was applied at 8.0, 40.0 and 80.0 mg/kg soil
rates. The abundance of total microorganisms, fungi, actinomycetes, cellulolytic microorganisms
and amino-heterotrophs was recorded. Soil samples were collected 1, 7, 14, 21, 30
and 60 days after atrazine treatment for microbiological analyses.
The results showed that the intensity of atrazine effect on soil microorganisms depended
on treatment rate, exposure time and group of microorganisms. Atrazine had an inhibiting
effect on cellulolytic microorganisms and amino-heterotrophs. Initially, it inhibited fungi
and actinomycetes but its effect turned into a stimulating one once a population recovered.
Atrazine had a stimulating effect on total abundance of microorganisms.; U radu je ispitivano delovanje atrazina na mikroorganizme u zemljištu. Ogled je postavljen u laboratorijskim uslovima na zemljištu tipa glinovita ilovača. Atrazin je primenjen u količinama od 8.0, 40.0 i 80.0 mg/kg zemljišta. Praćen je ukupan broj mikroorganizama, broj gljiva, aktinomiceta, celulolitskih mikroorganizama i aminoheterotrofa. Uzorci za mikrobiološke analize uzimani su 1, 7, 14, 21, 30 i 60 dana posle primene atrazina.
Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da delovanje atrazina na zemljišne mikroorganizme zavisi od primenjene količine, dužine delovanja i vrste mikroorganizama. Atrazin je inhibitorno delovao na celulolitske mikroorganizme i aminoheterotrofe. Na aktinimicete i gljive delovao je prvo inhibitorno, a kasnije, zbog obnavljanja populacija stimulativno. Na ukupan broj mikroorganizama atrazin je delovao stimulativno.