Vol. 2020.
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2388
2024-03-29T08:30:16ZEffect of Process Conditions on Sandbox Seed Oil Yield by Mechanical Expression: A Response Surface Approach
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2418
Effect of Process Conditions on Sandbox Seed Oil Yield by Mechanical Expression: A Response Surface Approach
Onwe, David Nwabueze; Bamgboye, Adeleke Isaac
Cost of solvent oil extraction methods has made mechanical oil expression a desirable alternative. The effect of process variables on mechanical oil expression from sandbox seed was studied. The experimental design used for the study was a 52 Central Composite Rotatable Design of Response Surface Methodology. Experimental factors considered were: moisture content, roasting temperature, roasting time, expression pressure and expression time. Results obtained were analyzed at α0.05. The oil yield from the sandbox seed ranged from 16.38-38.68%, and was increased at processing variable ranges of (4.0-8.0%) moisture content, (80.0-90.0oC) roasting temperature, (5.0-15.0%) roasting time, (15.0-20.0 MPa) expression pressure and (6.0-8.0 min) extraction time. The maximum oil yield of 38.68% was obtained at the processing conditions of 6% moisture content, 85 oC roasting temperature, 15 min roasting time, expression pressure of 20 MPa and 8 min pressing time. Model equation relating the process variables to oil yield was developed. Coefficient of determination (R2) relating the process was 0.8908. The result showed that moisture content, roasting time, expression pressure and expression time had a significant influence on the sandbox oil yield. The results obtained in this study can serve for process and equipment designs for oil extraction from sandbox and other oilseeds and nuts.; Troškovi metoda ekstrakcije ulja učinili su mehaničku ekspresiju ulja poželjnom alternativom. Izvršeno je ispitivanje uticaja obrade promenljivih parametara na mehaničku izdvajanje ulja semena Sendbox (Hura crepitans Linn.).
Eksperimentalni dizajn korišćen za ovu studiju ima 52 Centralnu kompozitnu rotabilnu površinsku dizajn metodologiju .
Eksperimentalni faktori koji su uzeti u obzir bili su: sadržaj vlage, temperatura, i vreme zagrevanja, pritisak izlaganja i vreme ekspresije. Dizajn metodologije površinske reakcije usvojen za eksperiment je α0.05.
Najveći prinos ulja semena Sendbox (Hura crepitans Linn.), povećan je, i kretao se u rasponu od 16,38 do 38,68% kod sadržaja vlage od 4,0 do 8,0%; temperature zagrevanja od 80,0 do 100,0oC; vremena zagrevanja od 5,0 do 15,0 min; pritiska izdvajanja od 15,0 do 20,0 MPa , za vreme ekstrakcije od 6.0 do 8.0 min. Maksimalni prinos ulja od 38,68% je dobijen u uslovima prerade kod 6% sadržaja vlage semena, temperature zagrevanja 85oC, sa 15 minuta zagrevanja i ekspresijskog pritiska od 20 MPa, i 8 minuta izdvajanja ili presovanja.
Razvijen je model jednačine koja povezuje promenljive procesa sa prinosom ulja. Koeficijent determinacije (R2) , koji se odnosi na ovaj process, bio je 0,8908.
Rezultati pokazuju da sadržaj vlage, vreme zagrevanja, pritisak izdvajanja i vreme ekspresije imaju značajan uticaj na prinos ulja semena Sendbox (Hura crepitans Linn.).
Rezultati dobijeni u ovoj studiji mogu poslužiti za dizajn procesa i opreme za ekstrakciju ulja iz semenki Senbox i drugih semenki ulja i orašastih plodova.
Development of a Single Screw Extruder for the Production of Wood-Plastic Composite
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2417
Development of a Single Screw Extruder for the Production of Wood-Plastic Composite
Omoniyi, Temidayo; Adesanya, Dare
This study was carried out to design, fabricate, assemble and evaluate the performance of a laboratory scale wood-plastic composite (WPC) single screw extruder that can be used for recycling wood and plastic waste materials using locally sourced materials based on availability, strength and cost effectiveness. The extruder is separated into four units; the feeding, conveying, heating and forming unit. The designed parts were; the hopper capacity, the shaft diameter, the screw dimensions (pitch, helix angle and diameter), and the capacity on the conveyor (feed throats, compression and metering units) units. The developed machine was evaluated by using it in extruding low density plastic wastes and gmelina (Gmelina arborea) sawdust. The results showed a hopper capacity of 38.3m3, shaft diameter of 60mm, screw dimensions (diameter=20mm, pitch=50mm, and helix angle = 17.650). The performance evaluation of the machine indicated an efficiency of 85% for the machine at an operating speed of 268rpm (4.5rps) with a throughput of 17.55kg/hr during a maximum period of 5 minutes. The mean water absorption (0.45-13.68%) and thickness swelling (0.14 – 0.94%) observed for the composites produced compared favorably with those reported in literature for WPCs recommended for non-structural indoor application purposes. The wood contents and soaking period had effects on the sorption properties and not the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of the machine. The machine conserves cost and energy due to low specific mechanical energy consumption of 191.21kJ/kg.; Ova studija prikazuje projektovanje, proizvodnju, sastavljanje i procenu performansi mašine ekstrudera sa jednim vijakom za drvno-plastične materijale (WPC) koji se može koristiti za reciklažu drvnog i plastičnog otpadnog materijala koristeći ove materijale iz lokalnih izvora, na osnovu raspoloživosti i isplativosti.
Ekstruder ima četiri celine-jedinice predviđene za: prijem materijala, transport, zagrevanje i oblikovanje. Dizajnirani delovi su: kapacitet prijemnog koša, prečnik pužne osovine, dimenzije vijka (korak, ugao i prečnik zavojnice pužnog elementa) i kapacitet transportera (jedinica za dovod, kompresiju i doziranje). Razvijena mašina je procenjena kod upotrebe u ekstrudiranju plastičnog otpada male gustine i piljevine stable biljke gmelina (Gmelina arborea). Rezultati su dobijeni za kapacitet prijemnog koša od 38,3 m3, prečnik osovine od 60 mm, i dimenzije pužnog vijka (prečnik = 20 mm, korak=50 mm i ugao zavojnice = 17,650).
Procena performansi mašine pokazala je efikasnost od 85% za mašinu pri radnoj brzini od 268 o/min (4,5 o/min) sa protokom materijala d 17,55 kg/sat za maksimalni period od 5 minuta. Srednja adsorpcija vode (0,45-13,68%) i porast debljine (0,14 - 0,94%) zabeleženi su kod proizvedenih kompozita i upoređeni su povoljno sa onima koji su u literaturi navedeni za WPC preporučene materijale. Sadržaj drveta i period kvašenja uticali su na adsorpciona svojstva, a ne na efikasnost ili neefikasnost mašine.
Mašina štedi troškove i energiju zahvaljujući niskoj specifičnoj potrošnji mehaničke energije od 191,21 kJ/kg.
Application of Image Analysis for Determination of Rapeseed Dimensions Using IOT Concept
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2416
Application of Image Analysis for Determination of Rapeseed Dimensions Using IOT Concept
Markovic, Dusan; Koprivica, Ranko; Veljkovic, Biljana; Vujicic, Dejan; Pesovic, Uros; Randjic, Sinisa
The paper analyzes the geometric characteristics of seeds, uniformity and cross - sectional area of rapeseed, on the basis of which the equivalent diameter was calculated. Knowing the dimensions of seeds is important in seed production from sowing, harvesting, processing, and storage, to seed packaging. Manual determination of the dimensions of seeds is a rather slow process, so the aim of this work was to show a computer-aided device that contains a camera and can take seed samples, while determining the dimensions of seeds by program image analysis. Presented device is realized in accordance with the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) so it has the ability to connect to the Internet and forward the image, or in another variant can directly perform the image analysis and further forward the results only. The purpose of the presented system for determining the size of seeds is providing a fast and efficient way for users to get the first results that will help them in the implementation of further activities related to working with small seeds.; U radu su analizirane geometrijske karakteristike semena, ujednačenost i površina poprečnog preseka semena uljane repice na osnovu koje je izračunat ekvivalentni prečnik. Poznavanje dimenzije semena je od značaja u semenskoj proizvodnji od setve, žetve, dorade, skladištenja do pakovanja semena. Utvrđivanje dimenzije semenki ručnom metodom je dosta spor proces tako da je cilj ovog rada bio prikaz jednog računarski podržanog uređaja koji sadrži kameru i može da fotografiše uzorke semena, a pri tome i da utvrdi dimenzije semenki programskom analizom slike. Predstavljeni uređaj je realizovan u skladu sa konceptom Interneta stvari (IoT) tako da ima mogućnost povezivanja na Internet i prosleđivanja slike, ili u drugoj varijanti može izvršiti direktno analizu slike i dalje da prosledi samo rezultate. Namena predstavljenog sistema za utvrđivanje veličine semena jeste da na brz i efikasan način korisnici dobiju prve rezultate koji će im pomoći u realizaciji daljih aktivnosti koji se tiču rada sa sitnim semenom.
Innovative Solution in the Modeling of Food Distribution Channels as a Factor of Successful Organization of Agricultural Production
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2415
Innovative Solution in the Modeling of Food Distribution Channels as a Factor of Successful Organization of Agricultural Production
Radovic, Stojanka
Profit maximization in the agricultural sector should go in the direction that will enable agricultural products to be marketed through a realistic distribution channel. This applies in particular to the distribution channel of the food supply. In addition, the food distribution system should focus on the dominant observation of the production of food produced inland. Food distribution should take into account market competition, distribution and logistics costs, the existence of unequal quantities of food shipments, etc. That is why it is of great importance to adopt realistic models that will appreciate modern innovative ways of logistics that will help real food distribution. In addition, up-to-date information and communication technologies should be respected to support such distribution approaches. This paper draws attention to the importance of implementing a possible new food distribution model based on an innovative approach.; Maksimalan profit u poljoprivrednom sektoru treba da ide u pravcu koji će omogućiti da produkti poljoprivredne delatnosti mogu da se plasiraju na tržištu putem realanog kanala distribucije.
To se naročito odnosi na kanal distribucije snabdevanja hranom. Osim toga, sistem distribucije hrane treba da bude usmeren na dominatno posmatranje proizvodnje hranu koja se proizvodi unatar zemlje. Distribucija hrane treba da uvaži tržišnu konkurenciju, troškove distribucije i logistike, postojanje nejednakih količina pošiljki hrane itd. Zato je od velike važnosti da se usvoje realni modeli koji će uvažavati savremene inovativne načine logistike koji će pomoći realnu distribuciju hrane. Osim toga potrebno je i uvažavati savremene informacione i komunikacione tehnologije, kao potpore takvim pristupima distribucije.
Ovaj rad, skreće pažnju na značaj primene mogućeg novog modela distribucije hrane koji se zasniva na inovativnom pristupu.