Issue 2014-2.
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/53
www.jageng.agrif.bg.ac.rs/files/casopis/PT_02-2014.pdf2024-03-29T07:06:08ZEffect of Design Parameters on Mechanical Harvesting of Carrots
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/113
Effect of Design Parameters on Mechanical Harvesting of Carrots
Shirwal, Sunil; Mani, Indra; Sirohi, N.P.S.
The effect of design parameters on mechanical harvesting of carrot were studied by conducting experiments on a test set-up having provision to vary design variables. The test set-up consists of digging unit and soil separation unit. Design parameters - Rake angle, soil separator length and angle of soil separator were evaluated at an optimum soil moisture content of 12%. Performance parameters like percentage of carrots harvested, carrots damaged, soil separation index and power requirement were measured at different levels of design parameters and design values of different components were determined. The maximum percentage of carrots harvesting of 97.4% at 60 cm length of soil separator, rake angle of 25° and 20° angle of soil separator. Minimum percentage of carrots damage of 4.87% was obtained at 40 cm length of soil separator and 20° soil separator angle. Carrots damaged obtained in the range of 4.63 to 4.97% between 25° and 35° rake angle. The soil separation index was most affected by length and angle of soil separator. A minimum soil separation index of 0.23 can be obtained at 80 cm and 20° of length and angle of soil separator, respectively. An average power requirement for the operation of carrot harvester at a speed of 2.3 km•h-1 was 4.44, 5.3 and 5.75 kW at 15°, 25° and 35° of rake angle.; Uticaj parametara konstrukcije na mehaničko ubiranje šargarepe proučavan je izvođenjem ogleda na test modelu uz promene vrednosti promenljivih veličina. Model za testiranje se sasoji od kopača i jedinice za izdvajanje zemlje. Parametri konstrukcije – ugao grablji, dužina separatora zemlje i njegov ugao su ocenjivani pri optimalnoj vlažnosti zemljišta od 12%. Parametri kao što su procenat ubranih šargarepa, oštećene šargarepe, indeks odvajanja zemlje i porebna snaga su mereni na različitim nivoima i određene su vrednosti različitih komponenti. Maksimalni procenat ubranih šargarepa od od 97.4% sa dužinom separatora od 60 cm, uglom grablji od 25° i uglom separatora od 20°. Minimalni procenat oštećenja šargarepa od 4.87% bio je postignut sa dužinom separatora od 40 cm i uglom separatora od 20°. Oštećenja šargarepa nalazila su se u opsegu od 4.63 do 4.97%, sa uglom grablji od 25° do 35°. Na indeks izdvajanja zemlje najviše su uticali dužina i ugao separatora zemlje. Minimalni indeks separacije od 0.23 se može ostvariti dužinom i uglom separatora od 80 cm i 20°, redom. Prosečna potrebna snaga za rad kombajna za šargarepu, pri radnoj brzini od 2.3 km•h-1, bio je 4.44, 5.3 i 5.75 kW za uglove grablji od 15°, 25° i 35°.
Wear Charactritics of Commercially Avalable Tractor Drawn Cultivator Sweeps in Abrasive Sand
http://arhiva.nara.ac.rs/handle/123456789/109
Wear Charactritics of Commercially Avalable Tractor Drawn Cultivator Sweeps in Abrasive Sand
Kakade, Subhash; Sharma, Ajay Kumar; Tiwari, Ghanshyam
Wear of soil engaging components occurs because the materials used are normally softer than the natural abrasives in the soil. Most of sweeps of cultivator are manufactured locally which are hardly as per with the standards which affects operational life of tillage tool. So, there was a need to study wear characteristics of sweeps so as to provide the suitable sweeps. Study was conducted in rotary soil bin in abrasive sand. Sweeps of three different makes were tested at speed 1 m•s-1 and depth100 mm respectively. After running the sweeps for 20 h in the soil bin, sweeps were weighted and loss in weight and dimensional wear loss was noted down. Similar procedure was followed for 100 h time intervals. It was observed that the weight of sweeps decreased linearly with increase in working period for all the tested sweeps. The maximum cumulative wear was observed for sweep S2 (18.25 gm) followed by sweep S1 (15.4 gm) and sweep S3 (13.8 gm). The maximum cumulative tip wear was observed for sweep S2 (1.78 mm) followed by sweep S1 (1.48 mm) and sweep S3 (1.31 mm) and maximum cumulative edge wear was observed for sweep S2 (1.20 mm) followed by sweep S1 (0.96 mm) and sweep S3 (0.84 mm) when operated for 100 h. The sweep S3 was found best in this study which has minimum gravimetric wear, tip wear and wing wear.; Radni organi se troše u didru sa zemljištem jer su materijali od kojih su izrađeni uobičajeno mekši od prirodnih abraziva u zemljištu. Većina kultivatorskih motičica su izrađene u lokalnim radionicama, i retko odgovaraju standardima koji se odnose na radni vek radnog organa za obradu zemljišta. Zato je bilo potrebno ispitati karakteristike habanja motičica dostupnih na tržištu, kako bi se izdvojile one koje odgovaraju standardima. Ispitivanje je izvedeno u kružnom zemljišnom bazenu sa abrazivnim peskom. Motičice tri različita proizvođača ispitivane su pri brzini rada od 1 m•s-1 i na dubini od 100 mm. Posle rada u trajanju od 20 h u zemljanom bazenu, motičice su merene da bi se dobili gubitak mase i smanjenja dimenzija zbog habanja. Sličan postupak je ponovljen i posle 100 časova rada. Utvrđeno je da se masa motičica smanjuje linearno sa povećanjem radnog perioda kod svih ispitivanih modela. Maksimalno kumulativno habanje ustanovljeno je kod motičice S2 (18.25 g), zatim kod motičice S1 (15.4 g) i najmanje kod modela S3 (13.8 g). Maksimalno kumulativno smanjenje dimenzija dobijeno je kod modela S2 (1.78 mm), zatim kod motičice S1 (1.48mm) i najmanje kod modela S3 (1.31 mm), a maksimalno kumulativno habanje ivica bilo je dobijeno kod motičice S2 (1.20 mm), zatim kod motičice S1 (0.96 mm) i najmanje kod modela S3 (0.84 mm), posle 100 časova rada. Zaključeno je da je motičica S3 pokazala najbolje rezultate u ovom ispitivanju, sa najmanjim habanjem po svim merenim kriterijumima.