Control of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli on Bean Using Copper Compounds and a Plant Activator

Abstract

The efficacy of several new formulations of copper compounds, namely Cuprozin 35 WP (copper-oxychloride), Cuproxat (copper-sulphate), Funguran OH (copper-hydroxide) and the plant activator Bion (acibenzolar-S-methyl), and their combinations with dithiocarbamates (Dithane M-70) was estimated in controlling Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (artificial inoculation) in field conditions in two localities during 2006. In the locality Zemun, the efficacy of copper compounds ranged from 92.7% to 98.5%. The plant activator Bion 50 WG exhibited similar efficacy (94.4-97.1%). Combinations of Funguran OH and Dithane M-70, applied at different concentrations, also showed high efficacy (98.3-99.3%), as well as the combinations of Bion 50 WG and the other bactericides (95.5-96.8%). There was no significant difference between the efficacies achieved by the compounds applied individually and their combinations, except Cuproxat, which exhibited decreased efficacy at lower concentration. In the locality Smederevska Palanka, the efficacy of copper compounds was 95.0-98.2%, while Bion achieved 96.8-97.7% efficacy. Combinations of copper-hydroxide (Funguran OH) and dithiocarbamates (Dithane M-70) also showed high efficacy (98.1- 99.4%) but without a significant difference. The efficacy of combinations of Bion and copper- hydroxide, and Bion and mancozeb was 97.9-98.9%. There was no significant difference in the efficacies of the bactericides tested or the efficacies of their combinations in that locality. Our investigation confirmed high efficacy of acibenzolar-S-methyl, which was equal to the efficacy of standard bactericide treatment. This compound therefore offers a very good alternative to conventional chemicals used for controlling bacterial diseases in beans.

U radu je ispitivana efikasnost novijih formulacija bakarnih jedinjenja; Cuprozin 35 WP (bakar-oksihlorid), Cuproxat (bakar-sulfat), Funguran OH (bakar-hidroksid) i aktivatora otpornosti Bion-a (acibenzolar-S-metil), i njihovih kombinacija sa ditiokarbamatima (Dithane M-70), u suzbijanju Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (veštačka inokulacija). Ispitivanja su obavljena tokom 2006. godine u poljskim uslovima na dva lokaliteta. Na lokalitetu Zemun, efikasnost bakarnih preparata kretala se 92.7-98.5%. Sličnu efikasnost ispoljio je i activator otpornosti Bion 50 WG (94.4-97.1%). Zadovoljavajuću efikasnost (98.3-99.3%) imale su I kombinacije preparata Funguran OH i Dithane M-70 pri različitim koncentracijama primene, kao i kombinacije Bion-a sa drugim preparatima (95.5-96.8%). Statistički značajne razlike u efikasnosti primenjenih preparata i njihovih mešavina nisu zabeležene, izuzev kod preparata Cuproxat, koji je ispoljio slabiju efikasnost pri nižoj koncentraciji primene. Na lokalitetu Smederevska Palanka efikasnost bakarnih jedinjenja iznosila je 95.0-98.2%, a za Bion 96.8-97.7%. Kombinacije bakar-hidroksida (Funguran OH) i ditiokarbamata (Dithane M-70) ispoljile su nešto veću efikasnost (98.1-99.4%), ali razlike nisu bile statistički značajne. Efikasnost Bion-a u mešavini sa bakar-hidroksidom i mankozebom iznosila je 97.9-98.9%. Na ovom lokalitetu nisu konstatovane statistički značajne razlike između samostalno primenjenih preparata i njihovih kombinacija. U ovim ispitivanjima potvrđena je i visoka efikasnost acibenzolar-S-metil-a (preparat Bion), koja je bila na nivou efikasnosti standardnih baktericida. Zbog toga ovo jedinjenje predstavlja dobru alternativu konvencionalnom hemijskom suzbijanju bakterioza pasulja.