Insecticidal Effects of Insecticide, Fungicide, Complex Fertilizer and Wetting Agent Combinations Depending on Water Hardness
Insekticidni efekat mešavina insekticida, fungicida, kompleksnog đubriva i okvašivača zavisno od tvrdoće vode
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Author
Vukovic, Slavica
Indjic, Dusanka
Sunjka, Dragana
Grahovac, Mila
Keywords
Insecticidal effectThiametoxam
Azoxystrobin
Mancozeb
Complex fertilizer
Wetting agent
Water hardness
Insekticidni efekat
tiametoksam
azoksistrobin
mankozeb
kompleksno đubrivo
okvašivač
tvrdoća vode
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Show full item recordAbstract
Simultaneous occurrence of different harmful species in agricultural practice necessitates
that different plant protection chemicals be applied at the same time (tank mix). Mix
components differ in purpose, mode of action and/or formulation, while addition of nonpesticide
components (complex fertilizers, adjuvants and wetting agents) is widely practiced
today. However, data concerning the effects of water quality used for preparation of
working liquids on the biological effects of pesticides is still scarce. Therefore, the objective
of this study was to determine insecticidal effects as depending on components used
in mixes and water hardness.
The effects of mixtures of thiametoxam (Actara 25-WG 0,07kg/ha) with azoxystrobin
(Quadris 0.75 l/ha), mancozeb (Dithane M-70 2.5 kg/ha), a complex fertilizer (Mortonijc plus
3 kg/ha) and a wetting agent (Silwet L-77), depending on the components and water hardness
(slightly hard (15.4 d°) - tap water from Novi Sad, and very hard (34.7 d°) - well water
from Adica, a Novi Sad suburb), were determined in a bioassay based on adult mortality
rate of the first generation of Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say). The
mixtures were applied by a flooding method. The trial was set up to include four replications.
Insecticidal effects were determined 24 h and 48 h after exposure.
Thiametoxam effectiveness 24 h and 48 h after application in slightly hard water was
100% when the insecticide was applied alone and in double and triple mixes with the
fungicides, complex fertilizer and wetting agent, showing no dependency on mix components.
The tested adult population of Colorado potato beetle demonstrated high susceptibility to thiametoxam, while the other components had no impact in slightly hard
water. In very hard water, 24 h after application, the insecticidal effect had the same level
of significance to thiametoxam in double and triple mixes, with an exception of
thiametoxam+mancozeb+Mortonijc plus and thiametoxam+mancozeb+wetting agent
combinations, which showed significantly lower efficacy. After 48 h, substantially lower
effectiveness, in comparison with the sole insecticide and other combinations, was only
observed in thiametoksam+mancozeb+Mortonjic plus combination. Significantly lower
efficacy of that combination is probably due to an incompatibility of the macozeb preparation
and the complex fertilizer containing boron (B), which was evidenced only in very
hard water. Pojava različitih štetnih vrsta u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji u isto vreme, uslovljava istovremenu
primenu više sredstava za zaštitu bilja (tank-miks). Komponente u smeši su različite
po nameni, delovanju i/ili obliku formulacija, međutim aktuelno je i dodavanje nepesticidnih
komponenata (kompleksna đubriva, ađuvanti, okvašivači), ali malo je podataka o uticaju
kvaliteta vode za pripremu radnih tečnosti na biološke efekte pesticida. Otuda je cilj rada
bio da se odredi insekticidni efekat, zavisno od komponenti u smeši i tvrdoće vode.
Efekti mešavina tiametoksama (Actara 25-WG 0,07 kg/ha) sa azoksistrobinom (Quadris
0,75 l/ha), mankozebom (Dithane M-70 2,5 kg/ha), kompleksnim đubrivom (Mortonijc plus
3 kg/ha) i okvašivačem (Silwet L-77), zavisno od komponenti i tvrdoće vode (slabo tvrda/15,4
do/ – česmenska voda iz Novog Sada i jako tvrda /34,7 do/ – bunarska voda iz Adica), određeni
su biotestom preko smrtnosti imaga prve generacije krompirove zlatice (Leptinotarsa
decemlineata Say.). Mešavine su primenjene metodom potapanja. Ogled je postavljen u četiri
ponavljanja. Insekticidni efekat je određen posle 24 i 48h ekspozicije.
Efikasnost tiametoksama posle 24 i 48h od primene u slabo tvrdoj vodi, iznosila je
100%, kako pojedinačno primenjenog, tako i u dvojnim i trojnim mešavinama sa fungicidima,
komleksnim đubrivom i okvašivačem nezavisno od komponenti u smeši. Ispitivana
populacija imaga krompirove zlatice ispoljila je visoku osetljivost prema tiametoksamu,
a druge komponente nisu uticale na promenu posle primene u slabo tvrdoj vodi.
U jako tvrdoj vodi, posle 24h od primene, insekticidni efekat na istom nivou značajnosti
sa tiametoksamom, registrovan je i kod dvojnih i trojnih mešavina, izuzimajući smeše
tiametoksam+mankozeb+Mortonijc plus i tiametoksam+mankozeb+okvašivač, gde je efikasnost
bila značajno niža. Posle 48h, značajno niža efikasnost u odnosu na sam insekticid
i ostale mešavine evidentirana je samo kod mešavine tiametoksam+mankozeb+Mortonijc
plus. Značajno smanjena efikasnost pomenute mešavine je verovatno posledica inkompatibilnosti
preparata na bazi mankozeba i kompleksnog đubriva koje sadrži bor (B), a ispoljena
je samo u jako tvrdoj vodi.