Identification and Control of Cladobotryum spp., Causal Agents of Cobeweb Disease of Cultivated Mushroom

Abstract

Cladobotryum spp. are causal agents of cobweb disease, one of the most serious diseases of cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach) in Serbia and worldwide, which affects product quality and yield. The disease symptoms are: cottony fluffy white or yellowish to pink colonies on mushroom casing, rapid colonization of casing surface, covering of host basidiomata by mycelia, and their decay. Prochloraz-Mn has been officially recommended for mushroom cultivation in EU countries. However, inefficiency of prochloraz- Mn has been noted at a level of spotting symptoms of cobweb disease. With regard to cases of resistance evolution and a general threat to the environment and human health, special attention should be focused on good programmes of hygiene, and inventing and developing alternative methods of disease control.

Cladobotryum spp., prouzrokovač paučinaste plesni šampinjona (Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Imbach), nanosi značajne štete u gajilištima ove gljive širom sveta, pa i u Srbiji. Simptomi bolesti su: pojava sivo-belih kolonija nalik paučini na površini pokrivke i pojava smeđih mrlja na površini plodonosnih tela šampinjona. Kolonije gljive su kružnog oblika. Micelija se brzo razvija i pokriva plodonosna tela A. bisporus koja se smežuravaju i trule. Od mnogobrojnih fungicida, zvaničnu preporuku za primenu u gajilištima šampinjona u zemljama EU ima samo fungicid prohloraz. U poslednje vreme uočena je smanjena efikasnost ovog fungicida u oglednim gajilištima u Velikoj Britaniji, koja se manifestovala u nemogućnosti sprečavanja pojave smeđih mrlja, ranih simptoma bolesti. Zbog toga se velika pažnja posvećuje merama primene strogih higijenskih zahteva u gajilištima, kao i razvoju alternativnih metoda zaštite.