Mite Pests in Plant Crops – Current Issues, Inovative Approaches and Possibilities for Controlling Them (2)

Abstract

Part one discusses some principal mite pests in agroecosystems and urban horticulture in European countries, Serbia and its neighbouring countries focusing primarily on issues with regard to plant production, novel methods and approaches in applied acaralogy. Part two displays some major properties of acaricides inhibiting respiration, growth and development and other synthetic substances with acaricide action on the market in the last decade of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century. Also some products of natural origin (azadirachtin, oils, micoacaricides) are said to be gaining in importance. Issues with regard to the fact that mites can readily develop resistance to acardicides are discussed and a survey on the results of biochemical, physiological and genetical causes of resistance are analyzed. Some basic principles of biological control of phytophagous mites and modern advances and approaches are discussed as well as current knowledge on host plant resistance to mites. Eventually, the possibility of using a combination of selective acaricides and biological control agents is discussed but also the inclusion of other modes of control (agricultural practices and physical measures) expected to contribute to an integrated management of pest populations.

U prvom delu ovog preglednog rada obrađene su najznačajnije štetne vrste grinja u agroekosistemima i urbanoj hortikulturi u evropskim zemljama, zemljama u okruženju i u Srbiji danas, pre svega vrste koje su u poslednje vreme postale problem u biljnoj proizvodnji, uz osvrt na nove metode i pristupe proučavanja u primenjenoj akarologiji. U drugom delu rada prikazane su osnovne karakteristike akaricida inhibitora respiracije, inhibitora rasta i razvića i drugih sintetskih supstanci sa akaricidnim delovanjem koje su se pojavile na tržištu u poslednjoj deceniji XX i prvoj deceniji XXI veka (grinja), a ukazano je i na rastući značaj nekih proizvoda prirodnog porekla (azadirahtin, ulja, mikoakaricidi). Razmatran je problem rezistentnosti grinja na akaricide i dat je pregled rezultata proučavanja biohemijsko-fizioloških i genetskih osnova rezistentnosti. Izloženi su osnovni principi biološke kontrole fitofagnih grinja i savremena dostignuća u ovoj oblasti, kao i akltuelna saznanja o rezistentnosti biljaka domaćina na grinje. Na kraju, ukazano je na mogućnosti kombinovanja selektivnih akaricida sa biološkim kontrolnim agensima i uključivanja drugih taktika kontrole (agrotehničke i fizičke mere) u jedinstven sistem integralnog upravljanja populacijama štetnih organizama.