Effects of salicylic acid elicitor against aphids on wheat and detection of infestation using infrared thermal imaging technique in Ismailia, Egypt
Delovanje salicilne kiseline kao elicitora na biljne vaši u pšenici i otkrivanje zaraženosti infracrvenom termovizijskom kamerom, Ismailia, Egipat
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Author
Mahmoud, Mahmoud Farag
Mahfouz, Hatem
Keywords
AphidsWheat
Infestation
Salicylic acid
Thermal imaging
Biljne vaši
Pšenica
Zaraženost
Salicilna kiselina
Termovizija
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Wheat (Triticum sativum L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in Egypt. Insect
pests, such as aphids, are major threats in terms of yield reduction. Induced resistance in
wheat using salicylic acid as a foliar application was tested on the farm of the Faculty of
Agriculture, Suez Canal University during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons. Three wheat
cultivars, Gemeza 9, Sakha 93 and Giza 168, were sprayed three times with two concentrations
of salicylic acid (SA), 200 mg/l and 100 mg/l, after early detection of aphid infestation by
infrared thermal imaging.
The infrared thermal imaging technique is based on significant differences in surface
temperature between infested and healthy leaves. Imaging data are digital, and a computer
program can be used to detect infestation rapidly. The results showed that aphid infestation
raised the temperature of infested leaves, compared to healthy leaves. The range temperature
difference between maximum and minimum temperatures (At) was 1.1 ºC in healthy leaves
and 3.9 ºC in infected leaves. The results of SA application showed significant differences in
the mean number of aphids and in reduction of infestation among treatments and cultivars.
The higher of the two SA rates (200 mg/l) gave higher efficacy in the three cultivars than
the lower rate (100 mg/l) over the five weeks of trial. The highest efficacy against aphids
was reached one week after application (86.28% for Giza, 85.89% for Gemesa and 70.54% for
Sakha). Moreover, SA treatment enhanced the wheat yield of all three cultivars, compared
with control plants. The three cultivars (Giza, Gemesa and Sakha) produced higher yields
than the control when sprayed with 200 mg/l SA. Their grain yield was 2,491.5, 2,455.0, and
2,327.25 kg/feddan (1 fed = 0.42 ha), respectively. In conclusion, infrared thermal imaging
can be employed in identification of infected leaves. Also, the application of SA on wheat
induced plant resistance to aphids. Pšenica (Triticum sativum L.) je jedna od najvažnijih žitarica u Egiptu. Štetni insekti, kao
što su biljne vaši, predstavljaju pretnju u pogledu smanjenja prinosa. Otpornost indukovana
kod pšenice folijarnom primenom salicilne kiseline ispitivana je u polju Poljoprivrednog
fakulteta, Univerziteta Suez Canal u Egiptu tokom sezona 2012/2013 i 2013/2014. Tri sorte
pšenice: Gemesa 9, Sakha 93 i Giza 168 prskane su tri puta koncentracijama salicilne kiseline
(SA) od 200 mg/l i 100 mg/l nakon otkrivanja zaraze biljnim vašima korišćenjem infracrvene
termovizijske kamere.
Tehnika infracrvene termovizije zasniva se na značajnim razlikama u temperaturi površine
zaraženih i zdravih listova. Dobijaju se digitalne slike, a računarski program omogućava brzo
otkrivanje zaraze. Rezultati su pokazali da zaraza biljnim vašima povećava temperaturu
zaraženih listova, u poređenju sa zdravim listovima. Opseg razlike između maksimalne i
minimalne temperature (At) bio je 1.1 ºC kod zdravih listova i 3.9 ºC kod zaraženih listova.
Rezultati primene SA pokazali su značajne razlike u srednjim vrednostima za broj biljnih vaši
i smanjenje zaraženosti među tretmanima i sortama. Viša od dve ispitivane koncentracije
SA (200 mg/l) postigla je višu efikasnost kod sve tri sorte nego niža koncentracija (100 mg/l)
tokom ogleda koji je trajao pet nedelja. Najviša efikasnost u suzbijanju biljnih vaši postignuta
je jednu nedelju nakon primene (86,28% za sortu Giza, 85,89% za Gemesa i 70,54% za Sakha,
respektivno). Pored toga, primena SA dovela je do povećanja prinosa sve tri sorte u odnosu
na kontrolu. Sve tri sorte (Giza, Gemesa i Sakha) imale su više prinose nego kontrola nakon
primene 200 mg/l SA. Uporedni prinos zrna je bio 2.491,5, 2.455,0 i 2.327,25 kg/fed. Može se
zaključiti da se tehnika infracrvene termovizije može koristiti za otkrivanje zaraženih listova.
Takođe, primena SA u pšenici indukuje otpornost na biljne vaši.