Occurrence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Pammel, 1895) Dowson 1939, on Brassicas in Montenegro

Abstract

Brassicas form the most important group of vegetable crops in Montenegro. The cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) is most commonly grown, although other brassicas, particularly kale, Brussels sprout, cauliflower and broccoli, have been increasingly produced since recently. One of the specialties of vegetable production in Montenegro is growing of collard (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), which is the simplest variety of the Brassica oleracea species and in the nearest relation with their wild ancestor – the sylvestris variety. Diseases are the main restrictive factors for successful production of these vegetables. Susceptibility of the cultivars and inadequate control often result in more or less damaged crops in some plots. Causal agents of brassica diseases, especially bacterial, have not been investigated in Montenegro until 2009. Since the symptoms observed in 2009 were „V” shaped leaf edge necrosis and black rot of vascular tissue, it was assumed that they were caused by plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Samples of the infected plants were collected from different localities in Montenegro. Isolation and identification of the bacterium were performed using laboratory methods according to Schaad (1980), Lelliott and Stead (1987) and Arsenijeviæ (1997). Examination of chosen bacterial isolates was conducted using both, classical bacteriological methods (examination of their pathogenic, morphological, cultivation and biochemical and physiological characteristics), and ELISA test. The obtained results confirmed the presence of X.campestris pv. campestris (Pammel, 1895) Dowson 1939, on cabbage, kale, broccoli and collard in Montenegro. This is the first experimental evidence that collard is the host of X. campestris pv. campestris in Montenegro.

Kupusnjače predstavljaju grupu najznačajnijih povrtarskih kultura u Crnoj Gori. Najviše se gaji kupus glavičar (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), a u novije vreme uvode se u proizvodnju i ostale kupusnjače, u prvom redu kelj, kelj pupčar, karfiol i brokola. Jedna od specifičnosti povrtarske proizvodnje u Crnoj Gori je gajenje raštana (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), najprostijeg varijeteta vrste B. oleracea, najsrodnijeg divljem pretku – varijetetu sylvestris. Bolesti predstavljaju glavni ograničavajući faktor uspešne proizvodnje ovih biljaka. Zbog osetljivosti sortimenta i neadekvatne zaštite, često se dešava da usev na pojedinim parcelama bude u manjoj ili većoj meri oštećen. U Crnoj Gori do sada nisu sprovedena istraživanja o prouzrokovačima bolesti na kupusnjačama, a posebno ne istraživanja bakterioznih oboljenja. S obzirom da su tokom 2009. godine na biljkama konstatovani simptomi nekroze ivice lista u obliku latiničnog slova V i crna trulež sudovnog sistema, pretpostavka je bila da je prouzrokovač ovih patoloških promena fitopatogena bakterija Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Uzorci sa obolelih biljaka prikupljeni su sa različitih lokaliteta u Crnoj Gori. Izolacija i identifikacija bakterije urađena je laboratorijskim metodama prema Schaad-u (1980), Lelliott i Stead-u (1987) i Arsenijeviću (1997). Ispitivanja odabranih bakterijskih izolata obuhvatala su primenu klasičnih bakterioloških metoda (ispitivanje patogenih, morfoloških, odgajivačkih i biohemijsko-fizioloških osobina dobijenih izolata) i ELISA test. Dobijeni rezultati potvrdili su prisustvo i pojavu X.campestris pv. campestris (Pammel 1895) Dowson 1939 u Crnoj Gori, na kupusu, kelju, brokoliju i raštanu. Ovo je prvi eksperimentalni podatak da je raštan domaćin X. campestris pv. campestris u Crnoj Gori.