Greenhouse and Field Evaluation of Two Biopesticides Against Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus ulmi (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Abstract

The mycopesticide Naturalis (based on Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040) and botanical pesticide Kingbo (based on oxymatrine, an alkaloid from Sophora flavescens, a traditional Chinese herb) were tested against the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) on greenhouse vegetables and the European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) on apples. These biopesticide products were applied twice at 5-day interval and concentrations of 0.1% and 0.2%, and their effectiveness was compared to abamectin-based products and the synthetic acaricides acrinathrin and spirodiclofen, applied once at their recommended rates. The mycopesticide Naturalis, applied at 0.1% concentration against T. urticae on cucumber, reduced mite population density by 85-86%, achieving 91-93% efficacy. In a trial on tomato, efficacy reached some 96%, while population density was reduced by 93%. In a field trial on apple, Naturalis demonstrated an increasing and long-lasting effectiveness against the summer population of P. ulmi of nearly 100%, and population reduction was achieved in assessments 30 days after the first treatment. Naturalis applied at a double rate achieved a somewhat better effect but only in the first trial. The botanical pesticide Kingbo, applied at 0.1% concentration, demonstrated very high control efficacy (≥98%) and population density reduction (≥96%) of T. urticae in both trials. A high and long-lasting effectiveness of this bioacaricide was also achieved in a trial on P. ulmi. Its concentration of 0.2% achieved similar effect. The results in these trials indicate that applications of the mycopesticide Naturalis and the botanical pesticide Kingbo can provide effective control of T. urticae on cucumber and tomato grown in greenhouses, as well as P. ulmi on apple.

Ispitivana je efektivnost mikopesticida Naturalis (na bazi Beauveria bassiana, soj ATCC 74040) i botaničkog pesticida Kingbo (na bazi oksimatrina, alkaloida iz biljke Sophora flavescens, poznate u kineskoj tradicionalnoj madicini) u suzbijanju obične paučinaste grinje (Tetranychus urticae) na povrću u plasteniku i crvene voćne grinje (Panonychus ulmi) na jabuci. Ovi biopesticidi su primenjeni dva puta u razmaku od 5 dana, u koncentracijama 0,1% i 0,2%, a njihova efektivnost je upoređena sa akaricidima na bazi abamektina, akrinatrina i spirodiklofena, primenjenim jednom u preporučenim koncentracijama. Mikopesticid Naturalis, primenjen u koncentraciji 0,1% protiv T. urticae na krastavcu, redukovao je gustinu populacije za 85-86% i ostvario efikasnost 91-93%. U ogledu na paradajzu, efikasnost je dostigla 96%, dok je populaciona gustaina redukovana za 93%. U ogledu u zasadu jabuke, Naturalis je pokazao rastuću i dugotrajnu efikasnost u suzbijanju letnje populacije P. ulmi: u oceni 30 dana posle prvog tretiranja zabeleženi su gotovo 100% efikasnost i redukcija populacione gustine. Efektivnost preparata Naturalis primenjenog u dvostruko većoj koncentraciji bila je nešto bolja, ali samo u prvom ogledu. Botanički pesticid Kingbo je pokazao visoku efikasnost (≥98%) i redukciju populacione gustine (≥96%) u oba ogleda sa T. urticae. U ogledu suzbijanja P. ulmi postignuta je visoka i dugotrajna efektivnost ovog bioakaricida. Koncentracija 0,2% ostvarila je slične efekte. Rezultati ovih ogleda pokazuju da se primenom preparata Naturalis i Kingbo obezbeđuje efikasno suzbijanje T. urticae na krastavcu i paradajzu u plasteniku, kao i P. ulmi na jabuci.