In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity of Several Fungicides and Timorex Gold Biofungicide to Pythuim aphanidermatum

Abstract

A survey of in vitro and in vivo sensitivity of Pythuim aphanidermatum to several commercial fungicides and a biofungicide was undertaken. An isolate of P. aphanidermatum pathogenic to pepper was collected from a naturally infested greenhouse soil from Smederevska Palanka, Serbia. The P. aphanidermatum isolate was sensitive to all tested products. The obtained EC50 values were as follows: 10.21 mg/l for propamocarb-hydrochloride, 302.65 mg/l for fosetyl-Al, 11.18 mg/l for mancozeb, 1.27 mg/l for mefenoxam, 0.05 mg/l for azoxystrobin, and 175.33 mg/l for tea tree oil. Under greenhouse conditions, fosetyl-Al was the most efficient fungicide among the tested substances (97.5%). The biofungicide tea tree oil (Timorex Gold) (35.0%) exhibited the lowest efficacy among the tested materials, but it was still significantly better than the untreated control plot. The efficacies of propamocarb-hydrochloride (Previcur 607 SL), mancozeb (Mankogal 80 WP), azoxystrobin (Quadris) and mefenoxam (Ridomil gold 480 SL), were 72.5%, 77.5%, 57.5% and 75.0%, respectively.

Ispitivana je osetljivost Pythuim aphanidermatum u in vitro i in vivo uslovima na odabrane fungicide i biofungicid. Izolat P. aphanidermatum je izolovan iz zemljišta iz staklenika gde je prethodno uočeno poleganje biljaka paprike (Smederevska Palanka, Srbija). Izolat P. aphanidermatum je ispoljio osetljivost na sve testirane preparate. Dobijene su sledeće EC50 vrednosti: propamokarb-hidrohlorid 10,21 mg/l, fosetil-Al 302,65 mg/l, mankozeb 11,18 mg/l, mefenoksam 1,27 mg/l, azoksistrobin 0,05 mg/l i ulje čajnog drveta 175,33 mg/l. U uslovima staklenika, fosetil-Al (Aliette flash) je ispoljio najveću efikasnost (97,5%) u odnosu na sve ispitivane preparate. Biofungicid na bazi ulja čajnog drveta (Timorex Gold) je ispoljio najmanju efikasnost (35,0%) u odnosu na druge ispitivane fungicide ali je intenzitet zaraze statistički značajno bio manji u poređenju sa inokulisanom i netretiranom kontrolom. Efikasnost preparata na bazi propamokarb-hidrohlorida (Previcur 607 SL) bila je 72,5%, mankozeba (Mankogal 80 WP) 77,5%, azoksistrobina (Quadris) 57,5% i mefonoksama (Ridomil gold 480 SL) 75,0%.