New ZP Hybrid Selection Trends

Abstract

This paper presents the newly released sixth generation of ZP maize hybrids characterized by high and stable yields obtained under different agroenvironmental conditions on soils with different natural fertility and production capacity. The newly developed ZP hybrid genotypes have exhibited remarkable yield stability and wide adaptability to different climatic conditions in numerous trials throughout Serbia. These studies serve as the basis for recommendations to grow new hybrids of FAO 300-600 maturity groups i.e. mid-early, middle maturity and mid-late hybrids, which have a number of improved properties compared to the older generation ZP hybrids. The main properties of the new ZP hybrids are shorter growing season, higher kernel drydown rate during maturation, excellent adaptability to adverse environmental conditions (high drought tolerance), lower stalks with ears formed low on the plant, resistance to lodging, causal agents of diseases and pests, etc. Among the new hybrids, standouts include ZP 333, ZP 366, ZP 388, ZP 427, ZP 555, ZP 560, ZP 600, ZP 606, ZP 666, ZP 388, ZP 427, ZP 555, ZP 560, ZP 600, ZP 606 ZP 666, ZP 552b, etc. harvested for grain and ear for food and feed. The genetic potential of the new high-yielding hybrids is above 20 t ha-1 dry kernel. Their yield is 14-46 t ha-1 in experiments and 14-15 t ha-1 by large producers and in favourable seasons (2014).

U radu je prikazana najnovija VI generacija ZP hibrida kukuruza koja se odlikuje visokim i stabilnim prinosima gajenjem u različitim agroekološkim uslovima na zemljišta različite prirodne plodnosti i proizvodne sposobnosti. Najnoviji genotipovi ZP hibrida ispoljili su zavidnu stabilnost prinosa na široku adaptibilnost u različitim klimatskim uslovima, koja je ispitana u brojnim ogledima širom Srbije. Na osnovu ovih istraživanja data je preporuka za gajenje novih hibrida FAO grupe zrenja 300-600, tj. od rednje ranih, srednje stasnih do srednje kasnih hibrida, koji imaju niz poboljšanih osobina u odnosu na ZP hibride starijih generacija. Glavne osobine novih ZP hibrida su: kraća vegetacija i brže otpuštanje vlage iz zrna u procesu sazrevanja, odlična adaptibilnost na nepovoljne uslove spoljne sredine (visoka tolerantnost na stresne uslove suše), niže stablo sa nisko formiranim klipovima, otpornost na poleganje, prouzrokovače bolesti i štetočine, itd. Posebno se izdvajaju novi hibridi: ZP 333, ZP 366, ZP 388, ZP 427, ZP 555, ZP 560, ZP 600, ZP 606, ZP 666, ZP 388, ZP 427, ZP 555, ZP 560, ZP 600, ZP 606, ZP 666, ZP 552b itd za kombajniranje u zrnu, berbu u klipu za ishranu ljudi i stoke. Genetski potencijal novih, visokorodnih hibrida je iznad 20 t ha-1 suvog zrna, u ogledima se ostvaruje 14-46 t ha-1, a kod boljih proizvođača i u rodnoj godini (2014), 14-15 t ha-1.