Implications of Plant Breeding In Food Production
Implikacije oplemenjivanja biljaka u proizvodnji hrane
Author
Knezevic, Desimir
Paunovic, Aleksandar
Kondic, Danijela
Madic, Milomirka
Zecevic, Veselinka
Srdic, Sretenka
Rajkovic, Dragana
Keywords
plantbreeding
yield
quality
food
biljke
oplemenjivanje
prinos
kvalitet
hrana
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Food production is based on scientific developments and their application
depending on environmental factors and economic development. An important role in
crop production of food varieties and hybrids have been created in the breeding of crops
such care by applying optimal growing in specific environmental conditions. Created by
breeding new varieties and hybrids that are higher yield several times since the old
selection and natural populations which plays a major role in food security. The need
for food security imposed new approaches in breeding based on the manipulation of
gene recombinant DNA. By using biotechnological methods, genetically modified
plants, the incorporation of desirable genes from evolutionarily distant species. The
occurrence of adverse effects of GM foods, a high degree of pollution of the biosphere
and significant climate changes imposed by the need to produce safe food. Thus, the
developing trend of organic production, characterized by low yields and control of
product safety. Conventional breeding, its development and achievements impose new
approaches in creating, producing varieties and their (organic farming and genetically
modified food). GM varieties have higher yields several times of the varieties that are
created in conventional breeding, greater resistance to stress and better quality Proizvodnja hrane se bazira na naučnim dostignućima i njihovoj primeni u
zavisnosti od ekoloških faktora i ekonomske razvijenosti. Značajnu ulogu u biljnoj
proizvodnji hrane imaju sorte i hibridi stvoreni oplemenjivanjem i nega useva sa
optimalnom tehnologijom gajenja u konkretnim ekološkim uslovima. Oplemenjivanjem
su stvorene nove sorte i hibridi koji su nekoliko puta prinosniji od starih selekcija i
prirodnih populacija što ima veliku ulogu u obezbedjivanju hrane. Potreba za
obezbeđenjem hrane nametnula je nove pristupe u oplemenjivanju na bazi manipulacije
genа rekombinantne DNK. Korišćenjem biotehnoloških metoda stvorene su genetički
modifikovane biljke, koje su nastale inkorporacijom poželjnog gena iz evolutivno
udaljene vrste. Pojava neželjenih efekata od GM hrane, visok stepen zagadjenosti
biosfere i znatne klimatske promene, nametnule su potrebu proizvodnje bezbedne
hrane. Tako se razvija trend organske proizvodnje, koju karakteriše nizak prinos i
kontrola bezbednnosti proizvoda. Konvencionalno oplemenjivanje, je svojim razvojem i
dostignućima nametnulo nove pristupe u stvaranju sorti i njihovoj proizvodji (organska
proizvodnja i genetički modifikovana hrana). GM sorte imaju veći prinos nekoliko puta
od sorti koje su stvorene u konvencionalnom oplemenjivanju, veću otpornost na stresne
uslove i bolji kvalitet.