Abutilon theophrasti Medic. Velvetleaf - New Invasive Weed Species in the Area of Mačva, Srem and Semberija

Abstract

The subject of this paper is to indicate the permanence degree changes of Abutilon theophrasti Medic, appeared as a consequence of irregular usage of herbicides, environmental changes, as well as the applying different modern farming methods. The region of Mačva coversthe area of approx. 80000 ha, with different types of soil, and with corn as the most represented field crops. The area of Western Srem is about 762 km2, it has more types of soil which enables an intensive agricultural production, but mostly sown is corn. The total amount of arable land in Semberija is approx. 54000 ha, and the most represented agricultural cultures are granaries ( wheat, corn, barley ). Although the great estattention, in the sense of modern farming methods, is paid to the field crops grown on the testing territories, corn sowing in monoculture, excessive usage of herbicides, reduced primary processing, as well as global environmental changes, led to the extremely frequent appearance of Abutilon theophrasti , that was not present in such amount before. Velvetleaf is anannual plant, terophit (T4), belonging to late spring weeds. On the basis of the results obtained from this paper, it can be concluded that fertile and rich land of Mačva is the most suitable for Velvetleaf being a nitrophilous plant (N4). Bad climate conditions, during the period of sowing field crops in the past few years, contributed to the late sowing, as well as using some modern farming methods and the usage of herbicides. The results obtained from the territory of Western Srem and Semberija, being rather less than those from Mačva, indicate the importance of modern farming methods and crop rotation in order to suppress this invasive weed type. Speaking of the already mentioned territories and because of a more suitable climate, they are done timely and completely.

Fitocenološki snimci su pravljeni 2008. godine na području Mačve, Srema i Semberije, u okopavinama na većem broju lokaliteta. Nepravilna i neracionalna upotreba herbicida je znatno doprinela izmeni kvantitativnog i kvalitativnog sastava korovskih zajednica na istraživanim područjima. Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na promene stepena stalnosti Abutilon theophrasti Medic. nastale kao posledica takve upotrebe herbicida, klimatskih promena, kao i primene različitog stepena agrotehnike.