Datura stramonium L. Datura – New Invasive Weed in the Area of Mačva and Western Srem

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to indicate the permanency degree changes of Datura stramonium, appeared because of many years of herbicides usage, global environmental changes and modern farming methods. The region of Mačva covers the area of 860km2, while the total area of Western Srem is approx. 762km2. The most represented field crop, on both tested regions, is corn. Datura is an annual late spring weed ( T4 ). Since the corn was previously sowed in the middle and at the end of April, herbicides could effect on late spring weeds and root crops. Due to global environmental changes, the time for corn sowing moved to the end of March and beginnng of April, as well as the usage of soil herbicides. Because of decreased herbicide effects on late spring weeds and moving the time of sowing, the growth of this weed sort during the last 15 years for approx. 33%, can be explained ( shown in Table 1 ). Datura is an invasive weed that appears in root crops and ruderal habitats ( rich of organic matters and nitrogen ). The main goal of supressing must be preventing Datura seed bringing. The measures of supressing can be divided into two groups: modern farming and chemical methods. As for modern farming methods, the attention must be paid to repeated growing, especially to crop rotation. When ruderal habitats are in question, mowing must be regularly done, as well as using total herbicides ( Glyphosate ).

Fitocenološki snimci pravljeni su 1970, 1977, 1989, 2007. i 2013. godine na području Mačve u okopavinama, dok je na području zapadnog Srema pravljen 2013. godine. Cilj rada je da ukaže na promene stepena stalnosti ove biljne vrste, nastale zbog višegodišnje primene herbicida, globalnih klimatskih promena i primene agrotehnike.