The Technical-Technological Aspects of the Appliance of New Types of Machines and Tools for the Arrangement of Soil’s Depth and Surface
Tehničko-tehnološki aspekti primene mašina i oruða za ureðenje zemljišta po površini i dubini
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Author
Ercegovic, Djuro
Raicevic, Dragisa
Vukic, Djukan
Oljaca, Mico
Radojevic, Rade
Pajic, Milos
Gligorevic, Kosta
Keywords
arrangement of the soil’s surface and depthdegraded chernosem
marsh soil type
universal soil arrangement machine
drainage plough
vibratory subsoiler
uređenje zemljišta po površini i dubini
degradirani černozem
ritska crnica
skreperski ravnjač
drenažni plug
vibracioni razrivač
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Show full item recordAbstract
Soils with heavy mechanical type of composition demand a cultivation system
that ensures preservation of natural potential and fertility resources. This system must
also prevent degrading processes and ensure an optimal water motion within the soil,
with an optimal usage of energy and labor.
In Serbia there are over 0.4 million hectares of soil with heavy mechanical type of
composition, and over 0.1 million hectares of diversely damaged soil. Every year, during
different degrading actions, another 1000 hectares of soil are damaged.
Agricultural machinery for tillage of the soils with heavy mechanical composition
and damaged soils should fulfill the basic demands: arrangement of the soil’s surface
and depth, preservation of the soil’s biological system, regulation of the water and air
system, thus enabling an efficient irrigation, conservation of the natural humidity,
ensurance of an efficient irrigation, perservance of the natural moisture, ensurance of a
rational consumption of energy, labor and resources for the defined structure and level of
agricultural production.
Researches that are conducted by the Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty
of Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia, and the Institute of Corn, Zemun Polje, Serbia, are set
to determine the technical, technological and economic aspects of the appliance of new
types of machines and tools for the arrangement of soil’s depth and surface. These new
types of machines include: universal soil arrangement machine USM-5, drainage plough
DP-4 and vibratory subsoiler VR-5, applied on the degraded chernosem soil type and on
the marsh soil type (parcel Tab. XVII, heavy mechanical type of compostition, damaged
and unfavorable water and air conditions), on the location of an experimental property of
the Institute of Corn in Krnješevci, Serbia.
Basic characteristics of the soil are determined, control parcels are defined and
marked, new technology and machines for soil’s surface and depth arangement are
applied. Specific technical and technological parameters were measured during the work
of new machine types. Zemljišta sa teškim mehaničkim sastavom zahtevaju sistem obrade koji
obezbeđuje očuvanje prirodnih potencijala i resursa plodnosti i koji sprečavaju
degradacione procese u zemljištu a obezbeđuju optimalno kretanje vode u zemljištu, uz
optimalni utrošak energije i rada.
U Srbiji ima preko 0.4 miliona ha zemljišta sa mehaničkim sastavom teškog tipa, i
preko 0.1 milion ha na različite načine oštećenih zemljišta. Svake godine, sa različitim
degradacionim procesima, ošteti se i novih 1000 ha zemljišta.
Poljoprivredna tehnika za izvođenje obrade teških i oštećenih tipova zemljšta, treba
da ispuni osnovne zahteve: uređenje zemljišta po površini i dubini, očuvanje biosistema
zemljišta, regulisanje vodnog i vazdušnog režima, omogućavanje efikasnog
navodnjavanja, očuvanje prirodne vlage, obezbeđenje racionalne potrošnje energije,
potrošnje rada i resursa za definisanu strukturu i nivo poljoprivredne proizvodnje.
Istraživanja koja sprovodi Institut za poljoprivrednu tehniku Poljoprivrednog
fakulteta u Beogradu i Institut za kukuruz iz Zemun Polja imaju za zadatak da odrede
tehničko-tehnološke i ekonomske aspekte primene nove linije mašina i oruđa za uređenje
zemljišta po površini i dubini. Nova, osvojena linija mašina: univerzalni skreperski
ravnjač, drenažni plug i vibracioni razrivač, je primenjena na zemljištu tipa degradirani
černozem i ritska zemljišta (parcela Tab. XVII, težak mehanički sastav, oštećene i
nepovoljne vodno-vazdušne osobine), na lokaciji oglednog dobra Instituta za kukuruz u
Krnješevcima.
Utvrđene su osnovne karakteristike zemljišta, definisane i obeležene ogledne i
kontrolne parcele, primenjena je nova tehnologija i nove mašine za uređenje zemljišta po
površini i dubini. Mereni su određeni tehničko-tehnološki parametri pri radu nove linije
mašina.