Effects of Crop Density on Root Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet Cultivars Grown on the Soil Infested and Uninfested by Rhizomania

Abstract

During a two-year period (1996-1997) we conducted studies on the effects of crop density on root yield and quality of sugar beet cultivars, susceptible and tolerant to rhizomania, grown on the soil infested and uninfested by this pathogen. The results obtained are of importance for both agricultural science and practice. The highest difference in sugar beet studied characteristics was achieved between infested and uninfested soil, between tolerant and susceptible cultivars, and the lowest between crop densities. On the soil infested by rhizomania, on average, root yield was lower by 22.84 tlha, sugar content by 2.49%, crystal sugar yield by 4.64 tlha per cultivar and crop density. Tolerant cultivar KWS rama produced higher root and sugar yields on both infested and uninfested soil. However, susceptible cultivars Al omona and Delta, grown on un infested soil, had higher sugar content in sugar beet root by 0.53%. Increased crop density resulted in higher root and sugar yields, however, considerably higher in the tolerant cultivar and on soil infested by rhizomama.

U dvogodisnjem periodu (1996-1997) vrsena su istrazivanja uticaja gustine useva na prinos i kvalitet korena sorata secerne repe, osetljivih i tolerantnih na rizomaniju, gajenih na zemljistu zarazenom i nezarazenom rizomanijom. Ogledi su izvedeni u Sremskoj Mitrovici na zemljistu tipa karbonatni cernozem. U ovim istrazivanjima su proucavana tri faktora i to: (A) sorta (AI omona i Delta - osetljive na rizomaniju i KWS rama tolerantna na ovu bolest); (B) zemljiste (zarazeno i nezarazeno rizomanijom) i (C) gustina useva (60, 80 i 100 hiljada biljaka po hektaru). U istrazivanjima su postignuti sledeci vazniji rezultati: Najveci uticaj na prinos korena, sadrzaj secera i prinos kristalnog secera ispoljilo je zernljiste, odnosno prisustvo u njemu patogena rizomanije. Na ovakvom zemljistu prinos korena, osetljivih sorata (AI omona i Delta), bio je manji za 30,94 t/ha; sadrzaj secera u korenu za 3,31% a prinos kristalnog secera za 6D7 t/ha. Tolerantna sorta KWS rama postigla je veci prinos korena i secera kako na zarazenom tako i nezarazenom zemljistu. Medutim, osetljive sorte Al omona i Delta imale su za 0,53% veci sadrzaj secera u korenu repe gajene na nezarazenom zernljistu. Sa povecanjem gustine useva povecan je prinos i korena i secera, ali znatno vise kod tolerantne sorte kao i na zemljistu zarazenom rizomanijom.