Self Propelled Spoke Wheel Nitrogen Applicator for Rice Residue Mulched Wheat Crop
Samohodni aplikator za ubrizgavanje tečnog azota u usevu pšenice na usitnjenim žetvenim ostacima pirinča
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Author
Dixit, Jagvir
Mahal, Jaskarn Singh
Keywords
spoke wheel nitrogen applicatorbroadcasting
rice straw mulch concentration
nitrogen use efficiency
nitrogen uptake
yield
orebreni točak za aplikaciju azota
emisija
koncentracija usitnjene slame pirinča
efikasnost iskorišćenja azota
usvajanje azota
prinos
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Show full item recordAbstract
In order to reduce nitrogen losses sustained in broadcasting of urea under
high rice straw mulched wheat crop and to enhance crop yield, a self propelled spoke
wheel nitrogen applicator for injecting nitrogen in liquid form beneath the soil surface
was designed, developed and evaluated under actual field conditions. The machine
comprised four sets of spoke wheel having radial injectors attached to a distribution hub
with inline mounted flow control valve and cut-off system. Constant supply of liquid
urea to the distribution hub by means of a piston pump produced pressure adequate to
expel urea solution through the flow control valve as it opened. The opening and closing
of flow control valve was regulated through a specially designed lever and stationery
cam. The average field capacity and efficiency of the machine were found to be 0.36
ha·h-1 and 88.9%, respectively. Yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of wheat crop
fertilized with spoke wheel nitrogen applicator was 20 and 47 % respectively higher than
that of broadcasting method of nitrogen application. Lower nitrogen accumulation in
mulch and higher nitrogen uptake in wheat crop indicated reduced nitrogen losses in
case of point injected nitrogen application over broadcasting. Hence, spoke wheel
nitrogen applicator acquires a promising option not only for enhancing crop yield but
also environment protection. Sa ciljem smanjenja gubitaka azota pri ubacivanju uree pod usitnjene
žetvene ostatke radi povećanja prinosa, konstruisan je samohodni aplikator za
ubrizgavanje tečnog azota pod površinu zemljišta. Mašina se sastoji od četiri kompleta
točkova sa paocima i injektorima postavljenim na haubu sa ugrađenim ventilom za
kontrolu protoka i isključenje sistema. Konstantan dotok tečne uree do distributera preko
klipne pumpe obezbeđen je odgovarajućim pritiskom za izbacivanje rastvora uree kad je
kontrolni ventil otvoren. Otvaranje i zatvaranje kontrolnog ventila je regulisano
specijalno konstruisanom ručicom. Srednji poljski kapacitet i efikasnost mašine su
iznosili 0.36 ha·h-1 i 88.9%, redom. Prinos i efikasnost iskorišćenja azota (NUE) kod
pšenice đubrene ovim aplikatorom azota bili su 20 i 47%, redom, viši nego pri
uobičajenom rasturanju azota. Niža akumulacija azota u malču i više usvajanje azota kod
pšenice ukazuju na manje gubitke azota kod tačkastog ubrizgavanja azota u odnosu na
rasturanje. Tako ovaj aplikator azota predstavlja povoljniju opciju, ne samo za povećanje
prinosa nego i za zaštitu okoline.