Primena bioregulatora u cilju poboljšanja kvaliteta i skladišne sposobnosti plodova
Bioregulators Application in Promoting Fruit Quality and Postharvest Maintaining
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Author
Lafer, Gottfried
Keywords
bioregulatorsapple
preharvest fruit drop
fruit quality
cold storage
bioregulatori
jabuka
opadanje plodova
kvalitet ploda
skladištenje
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Show full item recordAbstract
Bioregulatori mogu dati značajan doprinos poboljšanju kvaliteta ploda i
produžavanju mogućnosti skladištenja. Značajni ciljevi u ogledima sa bioregulatorima u
Istraživačkom centru Haidegg (Grac, Austrija), u poslednjim godinama bili su ispitivanje
njihovog uticaja na smanjivanje rasta, sprečavanje alternativne rodnosti, poboljšanje kvaliteta
ploda (boja, krupnoća, unutrašnji kvalitet) i produžavanje mogućnosti skladištenja plodova.
Upotreba bioregulatora u konceptu integralne proizvodnje ne može otkloniti ozbiljne greške u
proizvodnji voćaka kao što su pogrešan izbor lokacije, podloge i sorte, loš sadni materijal,
neodgovarajuća rezidba, neredovna zaštita voćaka, pogrešan termin berbe itd. Dozvola za
upotrebu aktivne materije 1-metilciklopropen (1-MCP), posle uvođenja CA tehnologije u
proizvodnju šezdesetih godina, je bila prekretnica u austrijskoj tehnologiji hlađenja.
Poboljšanje čvrstoće, osnovne boje i sadržaja kiselina omogućava ponudu plodova sa boljim
ukusom, naravno ako je berba izvedena u optimalnom terminu za sortu. Plodovi sorti koje su
sklone brzom smanjivanju čvrstoće plodova (Elstar, Rubinette, Jonagold) mogu se sa
uspehom skladištiti duže vreme. Kod sorti koje su posebno osetljive na posmeđivanje
pokožice (Granny Smith i Crveni delišes) kroz upotrebu 1-MPC proizvodnja ponovo
doživljava renesansu uzimajući u obzir da u Austriji u plodovima posle skladištenja ne sme
biti ostataka (rezidua) preparata. Pored mogućnosti kvalitetne proizvodnje, proizvodači u
Austriji sa 1-MCP imaju na raspolaganju preparat, sa kojem mogu minimizirati gubitke u
kvalitetu plodova u skladištu i produžiti skladišnu sposobnost. Bioregulators can make a significant contribution to improving fruit quality
and extending the cold storage. Important goals in trials with bioregulators at
Research Center Haidegg (Graz, Austria), in recent years have been testing their
effects on the reduction of growth, preventing alternative bearing, improve fruit
quality (color, size, internal quality) and extension of cold storage of fruits. Use of
bioregulators in the concept of integrated production can not remove serious errors in
the fruit production, such as the wrong choice of location, rootstocks and cultivars,
poor planting material, improper pruning, irregular protection of fruit trees, the
wrong dates of picking, etc. Permission to use the active ingredient 1-
methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), after the introduction of CA technology in the
production of the sixties, was a milestone in Austrian cooling technology. Improving
the firmness, ground color and acidity allow to offer fruits with better taste, of
course, if the harvest was performed at the optimum time for cultivar. Fruits of
cultivars that are prone to rapid reduction of flesh firmness (Elstar, Rubinette,
Jonagold) can be successfully stored for a long time. For cultivars that are
particularly prone to skin browning (Granny Smith and Red Delicious) through the
use of 1-MPC production again experiences a renaissance, taking into account that in
Austria the fruits after storage must not contain residues of chemicals. Besides the
possibility of high-quality production, producers in Austria with 1-MCP have access
to chemical which can minimize losses in fruit quality in storage and extend the
storage capacity.