Uticaj hemijskog proređivanja plodova na rodnost i kvalitet ploda sorti jabuke
Influence of Chemical Thinning of Apple Cultivars on Yield and Fruit Quality
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Author
Djurovic, Dejan
Djordjevic, Boban
Milatovic, Dragan
Zec, Gordan
Keywords
chemical thinningapple cultivars
fruit set
yield
fruit size
return bloom
sorte jabuke
hemijsko proređivanje
zametanje plodova
prinos
krupnoća ploda
povratno cvetanje
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Show full item recordAbstract
U radu je ispitivan uticaj hemijskog proređivanja plodova na zametanje
plodova, prinos, kvalitet ploda i povratno cvetanje kod sorti jabuke Zlatni delišes klon
Rajnders, Gala rojal bjut, Red kep i Red džonaprins u 2014. godini. Zasad je podignut u
proleće 2013. godine sa „knip“ sadnicama. Hemijsko proređivanje je vršeno sledećim
sredstvima: naftil-sirćetna kiselina (NAA), 6-benziladenin (6-BA), karbaril, metamitron i
kombinacijom ovih sredstava.
Najintenzivnije proređivanje plodova kod svih sorti bilo je kod tretmana sa
metamitronom i tretmana sa kombinacijama metamitron + NAA i 6-BA + NAA. Usled
smanjenja broja plodova po stablu kod ovih tretmana je zabeleženo najveće povećanje mase
ploda u poređenju sa kontrolom. Primena bioregulatora u dvogodišnjem zasadu imala je
efekat na cvetanje jabuke narednog proleća. Kod sorti Gala rojal bjut i Red džonaprins, efekat
hemijskog proređivanja na cvetanje narednog proleća nije bio značajan, za razliku od sorti
Zlatni delišes i Redkep. Kod sorte Zlatni delišes broj plodova preko šest po cm2 površine
poprečnog preseka debla (PPPD) uticao je na izostanak diferenciranja cvetova, dok je kod
sorte Red kep kritičan broj plodova bio tri po cm2 PPPD. This experiment was designed to investigate effects of chemical thinning on fruit set,
yield, return bloom and fruit quality of apple cultivars ‘Golden Reinders’, ’Gala Royal
Beaut’, ’Red Cap Deliciou’' and ’Red Jonaprince’ in 2014. The orchard was established in
spring 2013 with high-quality 2-year-old nursery trees that contained 7 or more lateral
branches (except the cultivar ’Red Cap Delicious’). For chemical thinning the following
chemicals were used: auxine naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), cytokinin 6-benzyladenine (BA),
insecticide carbaryl (‘Sevin’) and photosynthesis inhibitor metamitron (‘Brevis’) and their
mix combinations.
The most intensive fruit thinning for all cultivars were obtained in treatments with
metamitron used either alone or in combination with NAA, and in the combination BA +
NAA. Due to the decrease in the number of fruits per tree, in these treatments was recorded
the largest increase in fruit weight compared with the control. Application of bioregulators in
two-year old orchard depending on the cultivar had a greater or lesser effect on apple bloom
in the next spring. Effect of chemical thinning on flowering in the next spring was not
significant in cultivars ‘Royal Gala Beaut’ and ‘Red Jonaprince’. In the cultivar ‘Golden
Reinders’ number of fruits over 6 per cm2 of trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) resulted in
absence of flowers, while in the cultivar Red Cap that number was 3 per cm2 of TCSA.