Uticaj 1-metilciklopropena na kvalitet plodova jabuke sorte „Granny smith“ u zavisnosti od primenjene koncentracije i uslova čuvanja

Abstract

U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja delovanja 1-metilciklopropena (1- methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP) na kvalitet plodova jabuke sorte „Granny Smith“. 1-MCP je inhibitor delovanja etilena koji se veže za receptore etilena i na taj način usporava sazrevanje plodova i produžava njihovo čuvanje. 1-MCP je primenjen u periodu od 5 dana nakon berbe u koncentracijama od 0, 500, 1000 i 2000 ppb i to sa i bez prisustva egzogenog etilena poreklom iz druge zrele jabuke. Nakon tretmana plodovi su smešteni u hladnjaču sa kontrolisanom atmosferom u dve komore sa različitim sastavom gasova. Analize plodova su izvedene neposredno nakon iskladištenja, ali i nakon dodatnog čuvanja u komori sa normalnom atmosferom, kao i nakon čuvanja na sobnoj temperaturi. Rezultati su pokazali da 1-metilciklopropen može u značajnoj meri da pomogne očuvanju kvaliteta jabuke tokom skladištenja u hladnjačama. Nevezano za primenjenu koncentraciju, 1-MCP značajno utiče na očuvanje čvrstine ploda, čak i nakon iskladištenja odnosno čuvanja plodova na sobnoj temperaturi, a pokazalo se i da sadržaj ukupnih kiselina u tretiranim plodovima sporije opada u odnosu na netretirane plodove. Nije bilo uticaja tretmana na sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija. Sve ispitivane koncentracije 1-MCP-a su efikasno suzbile pojavu posmeđivanja pokožice zelenih plodova (skald) samo u uslovima kada je tretman vršen u komori bez prisustva plodova jabuke drugih sorti. U tretmanu sa prisustvom egzogenog etilena, 1-MCP nije sprečio pojavu skalda. Koncentracija od 500 ppb nije dala zadovoljavajuće rezultate kod svih ispitivanih parametara, te je preporučljivo da se koristi koncentracija od 1000 ppb. Koncentracija od 2000 ppb je dala iste rezultate kao i 1000 ppb, pa stoga nema opravdanja za njenu primenu.

The paper presents the results of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-methylcyclopropene, 1- MCP) influence on fruit quality of “Granny Smith” apple cultivar. 1-MCP is an inhibitor of ethylene action which binds to the receptors of ethylene and thus delays the maturity of fruit, and prolongs their storage. 1-MCP is applied in a period of 5 days after harvest at concentrations of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 ppb, each with and without the presence of exogenous ethylene from other ripe apples. After treatment, the fruits were stored in cold storage with controlled atmosphere (CA) in two separate chambers with different composition of the gases. Fruits analyses were made immediately after CA storage, after additional storage in normal atmosphere, and after room temperature shelf life. The results showed that 1- methylcyclopropene can significantly help preserve the quality of apple during cold storage. Irrespective of the applied concentration 1-MCP significantly affects retention of fruit firmness even during shelf life, and also affects the total acids (TA) content in the treated fruits by slowing down drop of TA compared to untreated fruits. There was no treatment effect on total soluble solids content. All tested concentrations of 1-MCP effectively suppress the occurrence of superficial scald in circumstances where the treatment is carried out in the chamber without the presence of other apple cultivars. In the case where the treatment is done in presence of exogenous ethylene 1-MCP has not prevented scald occurrence. A concentration of 500 ppb has not yielded satisfactory results with all investigated parameters, while a concentration of 1000 ppb is recommended to be used. The concentration of 2000 ppb gives the same results as 1000 ppb and there is no justification for its application.