Nitrogen Efficiency Adoption in Maize Depending On Fertilization Systems and Hybrids

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the genotypic differences of nitrogen (N) uptake efficiency in maize depending on fertilization systems and hybrids. The average content of N in maize leaves for different variants of fertilization and tested hybrids in two years of research was balanced and varied in the range from 2.35% in 2011, to 2.31% in 2012. The lower content were found under the control treatment T1 (1.91%) and the highest in the treatments T3: P60K60 const. + N40 autumn + Nmin spring (2.57%), T6: P60K60 const. + N40 autumn + N60 spring + Zn (2.58%) and T7: P60K60 const. + N40 autumn + N80 spring + Zn (2.58%). The lower content of N in maize leaves was found in the hybrid NS 6030 (2.27%) and the highest in NS 4023 (2.39%). Average values of N content in maize grain varied due to climatic conditions and ranged from 1.22% in 2011. to 1.36% in 2012. The lowest N content was in control treatment T1 (1.11%), the biggest in variants T3: P60K60 const. + N40 autumn + Nmin spring and T7: P60K60 const. + N40 autumn + N80 spring + Zn (1.42%). According to the obtained average value for the investigated years and applied systems of fertilization, the lowest nitrogen content in maize was in NS 6010 (1.22%) and the highest in NS 6030 (1.35%). Improving possibilities of assimilation, accumulation, exploitation and/or reutilization of biogenic elements can provide the basis for the expansion of maize breeding programs on productivity and grain quality.

Cilj ovih istraživanja bio je da se utvrde genotipske razlike u efikasnosti usvajanja azota (N) kod hibrida kukuruza u zavisnosti od sistema đubrenja. Prosečan sadržaj N u listu kukuruza za sve varijante đubrenja i hibride nije se značajno razlikovao po godinama (2,35% u 2011, odnosno 2,31% u 2012. godini). Najmanji sadržaj konstantovan je na kontrolnoj varijanti T1 (1,91%), a najveći na varijantama T3: P60K60 const. + N40 jesen + Nmin proleće (2,57%), T6: P60K60 const. + N40 jesen + N60 proleće + Zn (2,58%) i T7: P60K60 const. + N40 jesen + N80 proleće + Zn (2,58%). Najmanji sadržaj N u listu kukuruza konstatovan je kod hibrida NS 6030 (2,27%), a najveći kod hibrida NS 4023 (2,39%). Sadržaj N u zrnu kukuruza, nezavisno od varijante đubrenja i hibrida, bio je značajno manji u 2011. god. (1,22%) u odnosu na 2012. godinu (1,36%). Najmanji sadržaj bio je na kontrolnoj varijanti T1 (1,11%), a najveći na varijantama T3: P60K60 const. + N40 jesen + Nmin proleće i T7: P60K60 const. + N40 jesen + N80 proleće + Zn (1,42%). U proseku za godine istraživanja i primenjene sisteme đubrenja, najmanji sadržaj N u zrnu kukuruza je bio kod hibrida NS 6010 (1,22%), a najveći kod hibrida NS 6030 (1,35%). Poboljšane mogućnosti usvajanja, akumulacije, iskorišćavanja i/ili reutilizacije biogenih elemenata mogu pružiti osnovu za razradu programa oplemenjivanja kukuruza na produktivnost i kvalitet zrna.