Choice of Aggregate for Deep Tillage in the Establishment of Orchards

Abstract

The choice of the appropriate aggregate for deep tillage is an issue of major concern in the technology of orchard establishment. Conventional technologies include trenching or subsoiling used to improve the mechanical properties of the soil intended for orchard establishment. The objective of the study was to analyze deep tillage from the technological standpoint prior to orchard establishment. In addition, the aim was to give an overview of the equipment and machinery used in the trenching stage. The analysis included the results of friction in the trenching phase on heavy soils considering labor input, depth and speed. The results were used to analyze input during trenching. A comparative analysis was conducted regarding energy input in tenching and subsoiling. The conclusion which tends to emerge is the enormous amount of energy needed in both trenching and subsoiling. Energy requirements in the trenching stage were 2.5-fold greater in relation to subsoiling. If possible, trenching should be substituted by subsoiling due to a lower enegy input not excluding other advantages.

Jedan od značajnih problema u tehnologiji podizanja višegodišnjih zasada, predstavlja adekvatan izbor TMA za duboku obradu. Primenom konvencionalnih tehnologija obrade ova agrotehnička mera se ostvaruje rigolovanjem ili podrivanjem a ima za cilj poboljšanje mehaničkih osobina zemljišta namenjenog gajenju višegodišnjih zasada. U radu je obrađen tehnološki aspekt duboke obrade koja se obavlja pre podizanja višegodišnjih zasada. Pored toga dat je opis pojedinih oruđa i mašina koje se primenjuju u rigolovanju i podrivanju. Analizirani su rezultati otpora pri rigolovanju na vrlo teškim zemljištima u funkciji radnog zahvata, dubine rada i brzine kretanja. Na osnovu vrednosti otpora analiziran je učinak pri rigolovanju. Zatim, obavljena je komparativna analiza rezultata utroška energije kod rigolovanja i podrivanja. Zaključak je da rigolovanje i podrivanje angažuju veliku količinu energije. Za približne uslove, rigolovanje u odnosu na podrivanje do 2,5 puta više angažuje energije. Treba težiti, gde agrotehnički zahtevi omogućuju, da se rigolovanje zameni podrivanjem zbog manjeg utroška energije i drugih prednosti.