Preparation and Potential of Pruning Residues in Orchards and Vineyards as Energetic Material
Priprema i potencijal ostataka rezidbe u voćnjacima i vinogradima kao energetskog materijala
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Author
Zivkovic, Milovan
Radojevic, Rade
Urosevic, Mirko
Keywords
pruning remainsfuel
energy
biomass use
ostaci rezidbe
gorivo
energija
korišćenje biomase
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Show full item recordAbstract
Huge amounts of plant remains are obtained following pruning, an essential
agricultural practice measure during the exploitation of orchards and vineyards.
Different pruning modes are employed depending on the size of the orchard and the
available machinery. The remains tend to hinder other activities in the orchard but on the
other hand they represent an essential energetic source. The energy can be transformed
or returned into soil by mulching.
Collecting and burning of the remains but also further cutting into small pieces and
plowing itself were elimination modes of former technologies. However, these
procedures contributed to the loss of a useful and important source of heat energy.
Optimal technological and technical solutions should be defined with regard to
collecting, loading, transporting and preparing pruning remains in orchards and
vineyards with the aim of obtaining energy. This is expected to have a significant
influence on the energetic efficiency of fruit growing and is an issue of major concern. In
our country collecting, preparing and using pruning remains is not widely used due to
the irrational disposal of energy and extensive production.
Pruning remains have their advantage as sustainable energy source being at the site
of consumption or its vicinity. The simplest and oldest way of using pruning remains as
energents in the process of burning and producing heat energy is to burn the unchanged
remains. Considering the bulk of it which is characterized by the irrational transport,
impeded loading, unloading, storing and use in combustion equipments.
Ecological issues and fossil energy deficiency impose the need to focus on the
preparation and use of pruning remains as energetic fuel in orchards. The issue has
gained in importance following the regulations imposed by the EU whereby renewable
energy sources should be used in the production of electrical energy. The aim is to solve
the lack of eco energy and contribute to environmental protection. Tokom eksploatacije višegodišnjih zasada pored ostalih kao obavezna
agrotehnička mera sprovodi se i rezidba kojom se dobija velika količina biljne mase u
obliku ostataka rezidbe. Rezidbe se može obavljati na više načina što je uslovljeno
veličinom zasada i raspoloživim tehničkim sredstvima. Nastala masa najpre predstavlja
balast koji ometa prolazak zasadom sa druge strane je značajan energetski izvor.
Energija iz te masi se može transformisati na više načina uz primenu odgovarajućih
postupaka ili da se varati zemljištu postupkom mulčovanja.
Kod zastarelih tehnologija upotrebe uglavnom se obavlja sakupljanje i sagorevanje
ostataka rezidbe neposredno u zasadu, ili se vrši njihovo sitnjenje a zatim zaoravanje.
Ovim postupcima ostaci rezidbe u zasadima su izgubljeni kao energetski vredan i
količinski značajan izvor toplotne energije.
Definisanje optimalnih tehnologija i tehničkih rešenja prikupljanja, utovara,
transporta i neposredne pripreme ostataka rezidbe voćaka i vinove loze za dobijanje
energije, presudno utiče na energetsku efikasnost voćarske proizvodnje i predstavlja
veoma aktuelni problem. Zbog neracionalnog raspolaganja energijom i ekstenzivnije
proizvodnje, u našim uslovima, prikupljanje, obrada, priprema i korišćenje biljnih
ostataka nisu našli širu primenu.
Ostaci rezidbe kao obnovljivi izvor energije ima i prednost u tome što se najčešće
nalaze na mestu potrošnje ili u njihovoj blizini. Najjednostavniji i najstariji način
korišćenja ostataka rezidbe kao energenta u procesima sagorevanja i dobijanja toplote je
kada se u neizmenjenom obliku obavi proces sagorevanja. Obzirom na kabastu formu
koju karakteriše mala zapreminska masa, uslovljava veoma malu racionalnost u
transportu kao i otežan utovar, istovar, skladištenje i samu upotrebu u gorionicima.
Ekološki problemi i deficit fosilnih goriva nameću potrebu da se u našem okruženju
posveti veća pažnja iznalaženju postupaka pripreme i korišćenju ostataka rezidbe u
zasadima kao energetskog goriva. Ovaj problem aktualizuju i norme Evropske Unije
koje propisuju kao obavezu proizvodnje električne energije iz obnovljivih izvora, kako
bi se doprinelo rešavanju problema nedostatka ekološki čiste energije i doprinelo
očuvanje životne sredine.