Exploitation Indices of Tractor and Machinery Aggregates for Basic Land Cultivation in Orchards
Eksploatacioni pokazatelji rada traktorskomašinskih agregata za osnovnu obradu zemljišta u višegodišnjim zasadima
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Author
Zivkovic, Milovan
Urosevic, Mirko
Komnenic, Vaso
Keywords
soil cultivationtractor and machinery aggregates
energetic parameters
obrada zemljišta
traktorsko-mašinski agregat
energetski parametri
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Show full item recordAbstract
Basic land cultivation in orchards with the aim of loosening the soil is of
major importance affecting both growth and development of plants, yield and quality of
fruits. The right choice of agricultural machinery presents the precondition in intensive
production. Determination of optimal parameters in the employment of agricultural
machinery and its appropriate choice are of principal interest for the improvement of
fruit growing and cultivation.
The aim of the research was to determine both energetic and exploitation parameters
of different tractors and machinery aggregates in basic soil cultivation. The analysis of
the data obtained was used to choose the optimal system and pointed to the advantages
and disadvantages of different types of cultivation. The results obtained from the
investigation of basic soil cultivation in inter-rows showed the most rational cultivation
using plough pseudo because the depth achieved was 14.27 cm, speed 6.47 km/h,
consumption 7.28 l/ha and output 8.23 ha/day.
Under arid conditions without irrigation it is necessary to employ soil cultivation on
the whole area in order to regulate the water-air properties of the soil, contribute to an
appropriate structure by breaking the crust and controlling weeds and in that way
achieve high yields and profitability. Osnovna obrada višegodišnjih zasada kojom se održava zemljište u rastresitom
stanju, ima veliki uticaj na rast i razviće biljaka, prinos i kvalitet plodova. Intenzivna
proizvodnja je uslovljena i pravilnim izborom sredstava mehanizacije. Za unapređenje
voćarske proizvodnje značajno je obaviti pravilan izbor i utvrditi optimalne parametre
primene pojedinih sredstava mehanizacije.
Predmet istraživanja je utvrđivanje energetskih i eksploatacionih parametara rada
različitih traktorsko-mašinskih agregata pri osnovnoj obradi. Izbor optimalnog sistema
proizilazi iz analize dobijenih podataka, koji ukazuju na prednosti i nedostatke pojedinih
načina obrade. Rezultati ispitivanja sredstava mehanizacije u osnovnoj obradi u
međuredu pokazali su da se najracionalnija obrada ostvarila sa čizel plugom. Njegovim
korišćenjem postignuta je dubina rada 14,27 cm, brzina 6,47 km/h, potrošnja 7,28 l/ha
goriva i ostvaren učinak od 8,23 ha/dan.
U aridnim uslovima bez navodnjavanja neophodna je obrade zemljišta na čitavoj
površini u cilju regulisanja vodno-vazdušnih osobina zemljišta, stvaranja pogodne
strukture razbijanja pokorice i uništavanja korovske vegetacije, da bi se ostvarili visoki
prinosi i ekonomična proizvodnja