Long Term Effects of Different Tillage Systems Influencing Yield and Energy Efficiency In Maize (Zea Mays L.)
Višegodišnji uticaj različitih sistema obrade zemljišta na energetsku efikasnost i prinos kukuruza
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Author
Momirovic, Nebojsa
Dolijanovic, Zeljko
Oljaca, Mico
Videnovic, Zivorad
Keywords
conventional tillagereduced tillage
no-tillage
yield of maize
energy efficiency
konvencionalna obrada
redukovana obrada
direktna setva
prinos kukuruza
energetska efikasnost
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Show full item recordAbstract
Adoption and improvement of different tillage systems toward agricultural
sustainability has a great social, economical and environmental impact. The base of
sustainability is a system productivity as ratio of output to input in a given system,
measured in the same units, commonly as energy requirements. The objective of this
study was to evaluate the aspect of energy requirements in the different soil tillage
systems regarding total energy consumption under conventional tillage. The appropriate
measuring at the field conditions, conducted during the period of investigation 1998-2010 on the soil type of slightly calcareous Chernozem. Maize crop was grown under
typical Balkan two-crop rotation with winter wheat. Grain yield of maize and energy
efficiency were fallowed on the different tillage systems: conventional tillage (CTS -
summer tillage of stubble + deep autumn plowing + pre-sowing preparation); reduced
tillage (RTS – heavy disc harrowing ); and no-tillage (NT - direct sowing into wheat
stubble covered with all amounts of straw residues using no-till planter John Deer Max
emerge 2 with the double disc openers). Results of examination have indicated high
energy efficiency of No tillage Systems (NTS). Besides statistically lower yields being
recorded comparing to a conventional tillage, good results with No-till system have
actualizing necessity to continue research on new growing technology and to improve its
implementation. Efikasno unapređenje različitih sistema obrade zemljišta u pravcu održive
poljoprivredne proizvodnje, danas ima poseban socijalni, ekonomski i ekološki značaj.
Osnova održivosti proizvodnje, jeste produktivnost sistema gajenja određene kulture
izražena kao odnos uložene energije u procesu proizvodnje i dobijene energije oličene u
prinosu glavnog proizvoda. Cilj ovog rada bio je da upoređenjem ispitivanih sistema
obrade zemljišta sa energetskog i proizvodnog aspekta odgovori na pitanje održivosti
proizvodnje kukuruza. Odgovarajuća merenja u poljskim uslovima, su obavljena u
višegodišnjem periodu 1998-2010. godine, na zemljištu tipa karbonatni černozem.
Kukuruz je gajen u balkanskom dvopoljnom plodoredu, naizmeničnim smenjivanjem sa
ozimom pšenicom. Prinos suvog zrna i energetska efikasnost praćeni su na različitim
sistemima obrade zemljišta: konvencionalna obrada (CTS-letnja obrada strništa +
duboko jesenje oranje + predsetvena obrada zemljišta); redukovane obrade (RTS -
obrada teškom tanjiračom), i direktne setve (NTS-usejavanjem u strnište pokriveno
kompletnom masom žetvenih ostataka sejalicom za direktnu setvu, John Deer Max
Emerge 2). Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na visoku energetsku efikasnost sistema
direktne setve (NTS), što bez obzira na statistički niže prinose ostvarene u odnosu na
klasičnu obradu zemljišta aktuelizuje potrebu nastavka razvojnih istraživanja na
implementaciji novih tehnologija gajenja kukuruza.