Exploitation Indicators of TMA for Additional Soil Tillage in Orchards
Eksploatacioni pokazatelji TMA za dopunsku obradu zemljišta u višegodišnjim zasadima
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Author
Zivkovic, Milovan
Komnenic, Vaso
Urosevic, Mirko
Mitrovic, Dragoljub
Keywords
tractor-machine toolsadditional soil tillage
exploitation and energetic parameters
traktorsko-mašinski agregat
dopunska obrada zemljišta
eksploatacioni parametri
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Show full item recordAbstract
Fruit production under arid conditions without irrigation implies the need
to employ soil cultivation in the entire orchard with the aim of regulating the water-air
regime of the soil, contributing to a favorable soil structure, breaking down the soil crust
and successful weeds destruction. Contemporary fruit cultivation practices are
compulsory in order to achieve high yields and profitability.
Additional soil tillage in orchards has a major impact on the growth and
development of plants, yield and fruit quality. Optimal parameters need to be determined
when employing mechanization equipment in orchard cultivation in order to make the
right choice. The objective of the study was to determine energetic and exploitation parameters of
different tractor/machinery tools used in additional soil cultivation. Based on the analysis
of the data obtained showing both advantages and disadvantages of some soil cultivation
types, it was possible the choose the optimal tool for additional soil tillage.
Field trials were carried out in apple (cv. Jonagold, Idared and Melrose) orchards
using the two-row Pilar cultural practice at a planting distance 3.80-1.25 x 140–1.80 m.
The following tools for additional soil cultivation were used: pseudo plow PP-220, plate
cultivator VVT – 223, cultivator IMT-642 and vineyard plow VP-189. The following
exploitation indices were monitored: traction force, labor speed, fuel consumption and
traction resistance.
Based on the results obtained the smallest fuel consumption was registered using
pseudo plow (3.78 l/ha) whereby cultivation depth, speed and output registered were
6.31 cm, 7.29 km/ha and 9.07 ha/day respectively. Proizvodnja voća u aridnim uslovima bez navodnjavanja zahteva obradu
zemljišta na čitavoj površini u cilju regulisanja vodno-vazdušnih osobina zemljišta,
stvaranja pogodne strukture, razbijanja pokorice i uništavanja korovske vegetacije.
Primena takve tehnologije gajenja voća je neophodna za ostvarenje visokih prinosa i
ekonomične proizvodnje.
Zbog toga dopunska obrada zemljišta u višegodišnjim zasadima ima značajan uticaj
na rast i razviće biljaka, prinos i kvalitet plodova. Pravilan izbor i korišćenje sredstava
mehanizacije ima presudan uticaj na intenzivnost voćarske proizvodnje. Napredak u
tehnologiji gajenja voća podrazumeva korišćenje najsavremenijih tehničkih sredstava za
obavljanje agrotehničkih mera. Za pravilan izbor pojedinih sredstava mehanizacije
značajno je utvrditi optimalne parametre njihove primene u obradi zemljišta.
Utvrđivanje energetskih i eksploatacionih parametara rada različitih traktorskomašinskih
agregata pri dopunskoj obradi predstavlja predmet ovog istraživanja. Analiza
dobijenih podataka, koji ukazuju na prednosti i nedostatke pojedinih načina obrade
omogućuje izbor optimalnog agregata za dopunsku obradu u zasadima. Rezultati ispitivanja
sredstava mahanizacije u dopunskoj obradi međuredne površine, pokazuju da je najmanja
potrošnja goriva ostvarena kod čizel pluga (3,78 l/ha). Njegovim korišćenjem postignuta je
dubina rada 6,31 cm, brzina 7,29 km/h i ostvaren učinak od 9,07 ha/dan.