Distribution of Sulfonamide Resistance Genes in Bacteria Isolated from Rainbow Trout in Turkey

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance to sulfonamide and the prevalence of sulfonamide resistant genes of bacteria isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) farms in Rize and Trabzon, Turkey. 13 bacterial species were isolated and all of the bacteria exhibited resistance to sulfamethoxazole. Among sulfonamide resistance genes, sul1(24%) was found in the highest frequency followed by sul2 (20%) and,sul3 (12%). Multiple antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in 3 of 33 (9%) bacteria. Two Aeromonashydrophila strains contained both sul1 and sul2 genes.This study revealed that sulfonamide resistant bacteria and their resistance genes were distributed in different species. This research also suggests that the aquaticenvironment is a reservoir of sul genes, in which the genes may be transferred among not only aquatic bacteria but also human related bacteria.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita otpornost bakterija na sulfonamide i učestalost pojave gena otpornosti na sulfonamide kod bakterija izolovanih iz kalifornijske pastrmke (Oncorhynchus mykiss) sa farmi u Rizi i Trabzonu, Turska. Izolovano je 13 bakterijskih vrsta i sve bakterije su pokazale otpornost na sulfametoksazol. Među genima otpornosti na sulfonamide najčešće je utvrđen sul1 (24%), zatim sul2 (20%) i sul3 (12%). Geni višestruke antimikrobne otpornosti otkrivene su kod 3 od 33 (9%) bakterija. Dva Aeromonas hydrophila soja sadržavala su oba gena, sul1 i sul2. Ovim istraživanjem utvrđeno je da su bakterije otporne na sulfonamide i njihovi geni rezistencije prisutni u različitim vrstama. Ovo istraživanje takođe ukazuje da je vodena sredina rezervoar sul gena, u kojoj ovi geni mogu biti prenošeni ne samo na bakterije koje žive u vodi, nego i na one koje su povezane sa bolestima ljudi.