19 Effects of Copper-based Compounds, Antibiotics and a Plant Activator on Population Sizes and Spread of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in Greenhouse Tomato Seedlings
Efekti bakarnih jedinjenja, antibiotika i aktivatora otpornosti biljaka na populaciju i širenje Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis na rasadu paradajza u zaštićenom prostoru
Author
Milijasevic, Svetlana
Todorovic, Biljana
Potocnik, Ivana
Rekanovic, Emil
Stepanovic, Milos
Keywords
Bacterial cankerTomato
Copper-hydroxide
Copper-oxychloride
Coppersulphate
Streptomycin
Kasugamycin
Acibenzolar-S-methyl
Bakteriozni rak
paradajz
bakar-hidroksid
bakar-oksihlorid
bakar- sulfat trobazni
streptomicin
kasugamicin
acibenzolar-S-metil
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Three copper-based compounds (copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulphate),
two antibiotics (streptomycin and kasugamycin) and a plant activator (ASM) significantly
reduced population sizes and spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis among tomato
seedlings in the greenhouse. Streptomycin had the best effect in reducing pathogen
population size in all sampling regions. Moreover, this antibiotic completely stopped the
spread of C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in the region most distant from the inoculum
focus. Copper hydroxide mixed with streptomycin significantly limited the pathogen
population, compared with copper hydroxide alone, the other copper-based compounds,
ASM and kasugamycin. However, combining streptomycin with copper hydroxide did not
contribute to its greater efficacy against the pathogen population. Copper-based compounds,
in general, were less effective in limiting pathogen population sizes than the other
treatments in all three sampling regions, primarily copper oxychloride and the combination
of copper hydroxide and mancozeb. Among copper compounds, copper hydroxide
was the most prominent in reducing the bacterial population, especially in the region closest
to the inoculum focus, while its combination with mancozeb did not improve the
effects. Kasugamycin significantly limited pathogen population size, compared to copper
bactericides, but it was less effective than the other antibiotic compound, i.e. streptomycin.
The plant activator ASM significantly reduced population density, and it was more effective
when used three days prior to inoculation than six days before inoculation. Jedinjenja na bazi bakra (bakar-hidroksid, bakar-oksihlorid, bakar-sulfat trobazni), antibiotici
(streptomicin i kasugamicin) i aktivator otpornosti biljaka (acibenzolar-S-metil, ASM)
značajno su redukovali veličinu populacije i širenje C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis na
rasadu paradajza u zaštićenom prostoru. Streptomicin je imao najbolji efekat u smanjenju
populacije patogena u svim regionima uzorkovanja. Takođe, ovaj antibiotik je potpuno zaustavio
širenje C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis u regionu najudaljenijem od žarišta inokuluma.
Mešavina bakar-hidroksida i streptomicina je značajno smanjila populaciju patogena
u poređenju sa tretmanom bakar-hidroksidom primenjenim samostalno, drugim bakarnim
jedinjenjima, acibenzolar-S-metilom i kasugamicinom. Međutim, kombinovanje streptomicina
sa bakar-hidroksidom nije doprinelo poboljšanju njegovog efekta na smanjenje
populacije patogena. Bakarni preparati su imali najslabiji efekat u smanjenju populacije patogena
na sva tri mesta uzorkovanja, što se pre svega odnosi na bakar-oksihlorid i kombinaciju
bakar-hidroksida sa mankozebom. Među bakarnim jedinjenjima najbolji efekat imao
je bakar-hidroksid, posebno u regionu najbližem žarištu inokuluma, dok njegova kombinacija
sa mankozebom nije poboljšala efekat. Kasugamicin je bio efikasniji od bakarnih jedinjenja,
ali znatno slabiji u smanjenju populacije bakterije od drugog antibiotika-streptomicina.
Aktivator otpornosti ASM je ispoljio značajan efekat u smanjenju zaraze, pri čemu je
bolji efekat ovog jedinjenja ostvaren primenom tri dana pre inokulacije u odnosu na primenu
šest dana pre inokulacije.