Mite Pests in Plant Crops – Current Issues, Inovative Approaches and Possibilities for Controlling Them (1)
Štetne grinje gajenih biljaka – aktuelni problemi, inovativni pristupi proučavanju i mogućnosti suzbijanja (1)
Pregled/ Otvaranje
Autor
Petanovic, Radmila
Marcic, Dejan
Vidovic, Biljana
Ključne reči
Phytophagous mitesMolecular methods
Acaricides
Fitofagne grinje
molekularne metode
akaricidi
Metadata
Prikaz svih podataka o dokumentuApstrakt
In the middle of the last century, mites moved into the focus of attention as pests relevant
to agriculture, forestry and landscape horticulture, presumably in direct reaction
to the “green revolution” that involved plant cultivation in large-plot monocropping systems,
improved methods of cultivation, selection of high-yielding cultivars and intensified
use of pesticides and mineral fertilizers. Agroecosystems in which phytophagous mites
have become harmful organisms are primarily orchards, vineyards, greenhouses, urban
greeneries, plant nurseries and stored plant products, as well as annual field crops to a
somewhat lesser degree. Phytophagous mite species belong to a variety of spider mites
(Tetranychidae), false spider mites (Tenuipalpidae), gall and rust mites (Eriophyoidae), tarsonemid
mites (Tarsonemidae) and acarid mites (Acaridae). Most of these harmful species
are widespread, some of them having more economic impact than others and being more
detrimental as depending on various specificities of each outdoor agroecosystem in any
particular climatic region.
The first segment of this overview focuses on the most significant mite pests of
agroecosystems
and urban horticultural areas in European countries, our own region and
in Serbia today, primarily on species that have caused problems in recent years regarding
plant production, and it also discusses various molecular methods available for investigating
different aspects of the biology of phytophagous mites. Also, acaricides are discussed
as a method of controlling mite pests in the light of the current situation and trends on pesticide
markets in Serbia and the European Union member-countries. Značaj grinja kao štetočina u poljoprivredi, šumarstvu i pejzažnoj hortikulturi uočen je
sredinom prošlog veka i smatra se direktnom posledicom „zelene revolucije“, odnosno gajenja
biljaka u monokulturi na velikim površinama, poboljšanih metoda uzgoja, selekcije visokorodnih
sorti, intenzivne primene pesticida i mineralnih đubriva. Agroekosistemi u kojima
su fitofagne grinje postale štetne su pre svega voćnjaci, vinogradi, zaštićen prostor (staklenici
i plastenici), urbano zelenilo, rasadnici i uskladišteni proizvodi, a u nešto manjoj meri
i jednogodišnji njivski usevi. Fitofagne grinje sreću se među paučinarima (Tetranychidae),
pljosnatim grinjama (Tenuipalpidae), galiformnim i rđastim grinjama (Eriophyoidae), tarzonemidama
(Tarsonemidae) i akaridama (Acaridae). Većina štetnih vrsta je široko rasprostranjena,
ali neke su ekonomski značajnije od ostalih i ispoljavaju različitu štetnost u zavisnosti
od specifičnosti agroekosistema u različitim klimatskim područjima, kada su u pitanju biljne
vrste gajene u otvorenom polju.
U prvom delu rada obrađene su najznačajnije štetne vrste grinja u agroekosistemima i
urbanoj hortikulturi u evropskim zemljama, zemljama u okruženju i u Srbiji danas, pre svega
vrste koje su u poslednje vreme postale problem u biljnoj proizvodnji, uz osvrt na primenu
molekularnih metoda u proučavanju različitih aspekata biologije fitofagnih grinja. Takođe,
ukazano je na mogućnosti suzbijanja štetnih grinja akaricidima, imajući u vidu stanje i perspektive
tržišta pesticida u Srbiji i zemljama članicama Evropske unije.