Influence of Threading of Grazing Cattle on Pasture Soil Compaction
Uticaj gaženja stoke pri ispaši na zbijanje pašnjačkih zemljišta
Pregled/ Otvaranje
Autor
Gajic, Bosko
Ključne reči
compactionnon-carbonate vertic meadow black soil (fluvisol)
physical soil
properties
grazing
zbijanje
beskarbonatna vertična livadska crnica (fluvisol)
fizičke osobine zemljišta
ispaša
Metadata
Prikaz svih podataka o dokumentuApstrakt
The aim of the performed investigations was to establish the influence of longterm
threading of neat cattle and sheep during intensive grazing on compaction of noncarbonate,
smonitza-like meadow black soils in the Kolubara river valley. To achieve the
set task, six soil profiles were opened under similar relief conditions. Three of the
profiles originated from a plot which has been, according to the statement of its owner,
more than 20 years used as grazing land, and the other 3 profiles were opened at a
nearby site under natural forest vegetation, comprised of common oak and common ash
(As. Querceto-Fraxinetum serbicum, Rud.) with a well developed grass cover in the
ground layer. The profiles under forest vegetation served as comparative (virgin) soils.
Bulk density of the soils in the surface (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) layers of the
humus horizon of the meadow black soil under grazing land increased significantly
(p<0.05) due to the grazing, by 0.29 Mg m-3 in the layer between 0 and 10 cm, and by
0.13 Mg m-3, in the layer between 10 and 20 cm, in comparison with the forest black
soil. At the same time, this caused a significant decrease of total porosity, macroporosity
and hydraulic conductance.
Total porosity of the meadow black soil under grazing land was decreased by about
10% in the layer between 0 and 10 cm, and about 4% in the layer between 10 and 20 cm.
In the surface layer (0-20 cm) of the humus horizon of the grazing land macroporosity is
about two times lower than in the forest. Macroporosity of the humus horizon of the
grazing land is very low and varies between 2.9 and 7.8% vol. Saturated hydraulic
conductivity in the humus horizon (0-30 cm) of the grazing land is significantly lower
(8-10 mm h-1) than in the forest (115-285 mm h-1). The investigated physical
characteristics of meadow black soil under grazing land do not yield favourable
conditions for normal development and health of crops. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrđivanje uticaja posledica višegodišnjeg gaženja
krava i ovaca, u toku intenzivne ispaši na zbijanje beskarbonatnih, smoničavih livadskih
crnica (semigleja) u dolini reke Kolubare. Za realizaciju tog cilja otvoreno je 6
zemljišnih profila u sličnim reljefskim uslovima, i to: 3 profila na parceli koja se, po
izjavi njenog vlasnika, preko 20 godina koristi kao pašnjak, a druga 3 profila iskopana su
na bliskom rastojanju pod prirodnom šumskom vegetacijom, koju čini zajednica hrasta
lužnjaka i poljskog jasena (As. Querceto–Fraxinetum serbicum, Rud.) sa dobro
razvijenim prizemnim travnim pokrivačem. Profili pod šumskom vegetacijom poslužili
su kao uporedna (devičanska) zemljišta.
Rezultati ovih ispitivanja pokazali su da je se pod uticajem ispaše zapreminska masa
(gustina) zemljišta značajno (P<0.05) povećala u površinskom delu profila (na dubinama
od 0 do 10 i 10-20 cm), i to za 0.29 Mg m-3, na dubini od 0-10 cm, i za 0.13 Mg m-3, na
dubini 10-20 cm, u poređenju sa livadskom crnicom pod šumom. To je istovremeno
imalo za posledicu i znatno smanjenje ukupne poroznosti, makroporoznosti i hidrauličke
provodljivosti. Ukupna poroznost livadske crnice pod pašnjakom smanjena je za oko
10% na dubini od 0 do 10 cm, odnosno, oko 4% na dubini 10-20 cm. U površinskom
delu (0-20 cm) humusnog horizonta pašnjaka makroporoznost je za oko dva puta manja
nego u šumi. Makroporoznost humusnog horizonta pašnjaka je veoma mala i varira od
2.9 do 7.8% zapreminskih. Saturisani hidraulički konduktivitet u humusnom horizontu
(0-30 cm) pašnjaka je mnogo manji (8-10 mm h-1) nego u šumi (115-285 mm h-1).
Na osnovu rezultata ovih istraživanja može se zaključiti da fizičke osobine livadske
crnice pod pašnjakom ne pružaju povoljne uslove za normalni porast i zdravlje biljaka.