Implications of Plant Breeding In Food Production

Abstract

Food production is based on scientific developments and their application depending on environmental factors and economic development. An important role in crop production of food varieties and hybrids have been created in the breeding of crops such care by applying optimal growing in specific environmental conditions. Created by breeding new varieties and hybrids that are higher yield several times since the old selection and natural populations which plays a major role in food security. The need for food security imposed new approaches in breeding based on the manipulation of gene recombinant DNA. By using biotechnological methods, genetically modified plants, the incorporation of desirable genes from evolutionarily distant species. The occurrence of adverse effects of GM foods, a high degree of pollution of the biosphere and significant climate changes imposed by the need to produce safe food. Thus, the developing trend of organic production, characterized by low yields and control of product safety. Conventional breeding, its development and achievements impose new approaches in creating, producing varieties and their (organic farming and genetically modified food). GM varieties have higher yields several times of the varieties that are created in conventional breeding, greater resistance to stress and better quality

Proizvodnja hrane se bazira na naučnim dostignućima i njihovoj primeni u zavisnosti od ekoloških faktora i ekonomske razvijenosti. Značajnu ulogu u biljnoj proizvodnji hrane imaju sorte i hibridi stvoreni oplemenjivanjem i nega useva sa optimalnom tehnologijom gajenja u konkretnim ekološkim uslovima. Oplemenjivanjem su stvorene nove sorte i hibridi koji su nekoliko puta prinosniji od starih selekcija i prirodnih populacija što ima veliku ulogu u obezbedjivanju hrane. Potreba za obezbeđenjem hrane nametnula je nove pristupe u oplemenjivanju na bazi manipulacije genа rekombinantne DNK. Korišćenjem biotehnoloških metoda stvorene su genetički modifikovane biljke, koje su nastale inkorporacijom poželjnog gena iz evolutivno udaljene vrste. Pojava neželjenih efekata od GM hrane, visok stepen zagadjenosti biosfere i znatne klimatske promene, nametnule su potrebu proizvodnje bezbedne hrane. Tako se razvija trend organske proizvodnje, koju karakteriše nizak prinos i kontrola bezbednnosti proizvoda. Konvencionalno oplemenjivanje, je svojim razvojem i dostignućima nametnulo nove pristupe u stvaranju sorti i njihovoj proizvodji (organska proizvodnja i genetički modifikovana hrana). GM sorte imaju veći prinos nekoliko puta od sorti koje su stvorene u konvencionalnom oplemenjivanju, veću otpornost na stresne uslove i bolji kvalitet.