Our research aim to estimate quantity of agricultural biomass as renewable energy source in Serbia and Slovakia. Furthermore, we aim to determine the potential of biomass and the ways of utilization of various biomass. Experiments of this are already present in SUA Nitra and the Faculty of Agriculture in Belgrade. Our research also aims to jointly utilize the experiences gained separately to benefit of both parties. The European Union lays great emphasis on the increase of renewable energy sources, the maintenance of the related production potential, the diversification of energy sources, and the increase of the international cooperation in this area. The necessity of integrated approach to the biomass policy is given special importance. Biomass is preferred to other sources of renewable energy, due to the increase in the alternative sources of income it provides to the farmers, and the development of the regional economic structures. It is expected that throughout Europe new “energy producing” division of agriculture is about to unfold, which, in close cooperation with the energy producing and service providing sections of the national economy, may greatly contribute to the reduction of the energy shortage, while finding new sources of income. Our research work is closely connected to the above mentioned, in which, with reference to Serbia, and Slovakia, we define the biomass potential of agricultural origin and its options and methods of utilization.