Biomass from Agriculture as an Alternative Fuel Source Potential Engines
Biomasa iz poljoprivrede kao potencijani izvor alternativnih goriva pogonskih agregata
Pregled/ Otvaranje
Autor
Petrovic, Marija
Petrovic, Predrag
Macvanin, Nada
Prokes, Bela
Ključne reči
agriculturemachinery
fuel
engines
biomass
emissions
environment
poljoprivreda
mehanizacija
gorivo
motor
biomasa
emisija
životna sredina
Metadata
Prikaz svih podataka o dokumentuApstrakt
Liquid fossil fuels are the dominant fuel for the plant, as means of all forms of
transport, employment and agricultural machines and aggregates. In the coming period is
unrealistic to expect more intense and massive development, implementation,
construction of new engines that would be adapted to another type of fuel. All efforts
have been focused on finding such a fuel that could be adapted to existing engine
structures, and to simultaneously satisfy additional criteria related to ecology, as well as
reliability and privacy.
In this context, biofuel is given increasing attention, which can be produced from
renewable primary and secondary agricultural raw materials, with generally positive
effects of performance, reliability, emissions and thus protect the environment, as well as
other requirements that the current fossil fuel backgrounds meet.
As biofuels can be considered methanol, biometanol, bioethanol, biodiesel, natural
gas, hydrogen and others. Raw materials from agricultural biomass to produce
alternative fuels could be: sugar cane, sugar beet, corn sorghum, corn, wheat, rapeseed,
sunflower, potatoes, barley, olive, palm, sweet potato, monioka, Jerusalem artichokes
(topinambur) and others. Products and residues from forest mass: wood, pulp, paper,
black lug and others. Now it different kinds of waste such as municipal and secondary
waste, food wastes, wastes from production of cereals and food, etc.., With the current
use of fossil origin fuel from oil, coal, oil shale, natural gas and others.
The paper gives a brief review of possible fuel from biomass, which can be, with its
advantages and disadvantages, potential use as fuel internal combustion engines. Tečna fosilna goriva su najdominantnija goriva za pogon, kako sredstava svih
vidova saobraćaja, tako i poljoprivrednih radnih mašina i agregata. U narednom periodu
je nerealno očekivati intenzivniji i masovniji razvoj, u primeni, novih konstrukcija
motora koje bi bile prilagođene nekoj drugoj vrsti goriva. Svi napori su usredsređeni na
pronalaženju supstitucije goriva, koje bi bilo prilagođeno postojećim konstrukcijama
motora, a da istovremeno zadovolje i dodatne kriterijume vezane za obnovljivost,
ekologiju, pouzdanost korišćenja i dr.
U tom kontekstu, biogorivima se posvećuje sve veća pažnja, koja se mogu
proizvesti iz obnovljivih primarnih i sekundarnih poljoprivrednih sirovina, sa generalno
pozitivnim efektima performansi, pouzdanosti, emisije izduvnih gasova, a time i zaštite
životne sredine, kao i drugim zahtevima koje sadašnja goriva fosilnog porekla
ispunjavaju.
Kao biogoriva mogu se razmatrati metanol, biometanol, bioetanol, biodizel,
prirodni gas, vodonik i dr. Sirovine iz poljoprivredne biomase za proizvodnju
alternativnih goriva mogu biti: šećerna trska, šećerna repa, sirak šećerac, kukuruz,
pšenica, uljana repica, suncokret, krompir, ječam, maslina, palma, batata, monioka,
jerusalemska artičoka (topinambur) i dr. Iz proizvoda i ostataka šumskih masa: drvo,
celuloza, papir, crni lug i dr. Zatim iz različitih vidova otpada, kao što su: komunalni i
sekundarni otpad, otpadi iz proizvodnje žitarica i hrane i dr., uz sadašnju primenu goriva
fosilnog porekla iz: nafte, uglja, uljnih škriljaca, prirodnog gasa i dr.
U radu je dat kraći prikaz mogućih vrsta goriva iz biomase, koja se mogu, sa svojim
prednostima i manama, potencijalno koristiti kao pogonsko gorivo motora SUS.