Operating Parameters of Dragged Combines „Volentieri VG 2000/2TA“ for Grapevine Harvesting
Eksploatacioni parametri vučenog kombajna za berbu grožđa „Volentieri VG 2000/2TA“
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Author
Manojlovic, Radomir
Mitrovic, Dragoljub
Bulatovic, Ivan
Urosevic, Mirko
Zivkovic, Milovan
Keywords
mechanical harvestinggrape harvester
plantation parameters
output
losses
mehanizovana berba
kombajn za grožđe
parametri zasada
učinak
gubici
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Show full item recordAbstract
Harvesting represents one of the most challenging problems in managing
vineyards. `Quality picking` is considered when it is done in the period when the grapes
are suitable for its purposes, especially related with the soluble solid content, and the
appropriate sugar/acids relation. Hand picking costs represent around 45% of total labor
per hectare, which is equivalent of 30-50 working days for one laborer. Study of the
mechanical picking of grapevine cultivars intended for winemaking by applying dragged
combine „Volentieri“ ensemble with tractor „New Holland Tn 95 F“ are shown in this
paper. Experiment was done in the Ćemovsko Field’s production vineyards, with cultivars Vranac and Župljanka. Grapevine planting was done on the planting distance
2.6 x 0.7 m and 2.6 x 1 m, respectively. Row length was 168 m, with training system
modified horizontal bilateral cordon with green strip width in grape area 50-60 cm.
Aggregate’s working results of the investigation are showing that average running speed
was 4.8 km/h, and output 0.62 ha/h, i.e. 4.98 ha/day in cultivar Vranac. In cultivar
Župljanka following values were achieved: running speed was 4.1 km/h, output 0.53
ha/h i.e. 4.24 ha/day. Turning time in headlands of examined harvester was 30 - 32 s. It
was necessary to reduce green leaves just before harvesting, especially in the zone
bunches, in order to decrease slowdowns and losses. Dragged combines, except in larger
plantations, have commercial adequacy both in smaller households. Jedan od najsloženijih problema u obavljanju radnih operacija u vinogradarstvu
predstavlja proces berbe grožđa. Kvalitetna berba se smatra ona koja se obavi u periodu kada
sastav grožđa odgovara njegovoj nameni, što se pre svega odnosi na suvu materiju i
odgovarajući odnos šećera i kiselina. Troškovi ručne berbe grožđa čine oko 45% od ukupnog
utroška ljudskog rada po hektaru što odgovara 30–50 radnih dana jednog radnika.
U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja mehanizovane berbe vinskih sorti grožđa,
primjenom vučenog kombajna „Volentieri“ u agregatu s traktorom „New Holland Tn 95
F“. Ispitivanja su obavljena na proizvodnim površinama Ćemovskog polja, sorte Vranac
i Župljanka. Sadnja loze je obavljena na međurednom i rednom rastojanju 2,6 x 0,7 m i
2,6 x 1 m. Dužina redova je iznosila 168 m a zastupljen uzgojni sistem je modifikovana
horizontalna dvokraka kordunica sa širinom zelenog pojasa u zoni grožđa 50-60 cm.
Rezultati ispitivanja agregata u radu pokazuju da je ostvarena prosječna radna brzina
od 4,8 km/h, a učinak 0,62 ha/h tj. 4,98 ha/dan – sorta Vranac. Kod sorte Župljanka
ostvarene su vrednosti: brzina rada 4,1 km/h, učinak 0,53 ha/h tj. 4,24 ha/dan. Pri radu
kombajna javljaju se gubici od 36 kg/ha kod sorte Vranac, a 70 kg/ha kod sorte
Župljanka. Vreme okretanja na uvratinama ispitivanog kombajna je iznosilo 30 -32 s.
Neposredno pred berbu neophodno je zelenom rezidbom smanjiti lisnu masu
posebno u zoni grožđa kako bi se smanjili zastoji u berbi i gubici. Vučeni kombajni,
osim u većim plantažnim zasadima imaju ekonomsku opravdanost i na manjim
posjedima.