Rationalization of Apple Transport from Orchard
Racionalizacija transporta jabuka iz voćnjaka
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Author
Urosevic, Mirko
Zivkovic, Milovan
Manojlovic, Radomir
Keywords
transportapple picking
pallet-system
package
berba jabuka
paletizacija
ambalaža
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
In intensive fruit production, especially in fruit farms, high yields are
achieved. Large number of fruits makes organization of picking and further manipulation
very challenging. Transport issue in fruit production was always attendant, but in
extensive technologies was solved by engaging larger number of labor. Because of the
specific production, transport in this section represents complex and combining problem
depending on a large number of factors. From previous reasons the objective of this
study was to investigate four different ways of apple fruits manipulation from betweenrow
distance. Experiment was done in 6-year-old apple orchard, with planting distance 5
x 3 m, with modified spindle bush training system. Results from this study made possible
to define the method that demanded the least labor for the nearest time period. Time
consumption of apple transport from orchard was recorded over number of cycles and
fruit quality. The pallets-system during apple harvest time represented positive trend in
decreasing of time necessary for transport up to three times. This fact refers to the
necessity of more often pallet-system transport applying. Intenzivnom voćarskom proizvodnjom naročito u plantažnim zasadima
ostvaruju se visoki prinosi po jedinici površine. Velika količina plodova usložnjava
organizaciju ubiranja i dalje manipulacije.
Problem transporta u voćarskoj proizvodnji oduvek je bio prisutan a kod
ekstenzivnih tehnologija se rešava većim angažovanjem radne snage. Transport u ovoj
oblasti zbog specifičnosti, predstavlja složen i kompleksan problem a čine ga veći broj
faktora.
Iz prethodno navedenih razloga predmet istraživanja u ovom radu su bila četiri
različita načina iznošenja plodova jabuka iz međureda zasada. Merenja su sprovedena u
zasadu jabuke starosti 6 godina, zasađenog na razmaku 5 x 3 m uzgojnog oblika
modifikovani vretenasti žbun.
Rezultati istraživanja su omogućili definisanje postupka koji angažuje
najmanje ljudskog rada i ostvaruje se za najkraći vremenski period. Vreme
utrošeno na proces izvoženja plodova iz voćnjaka je praćeno preko broja ciklusa i
kvaliteta plodova.
Primena sistema paletizacije u procesu berbe jabuka, pokazuje pozitivan trend u
smanjenju vremena transporta po jedinici prinosa i do tri puta. Ta činjenica upućuje na
neophodnost veće primene paletnog sistema transporta.