Energy Potential of Products of Fruit and Grape Plantations Pruning in Serbia

Abstract

Modern technologies of the fruit and wine production include implementation of the intensive plantation pruning where the accumulated considerable amounts of plant biomass residue have significant environmental and energy value. Thermal energy and the use of pruning residues as biomass are important from the point of view of environmental protection and the closed-cycle of CO2 emission and consumption. Remains of the pruning in the orchards represent a problem during the implementation of agricultural practices, so necessity for their disposal from these surfaces exists. Fossil fuel limited reserves and the environmental pollution impose the necessity of finding alternative and renewable energy resources with the environmental pollution reduction. Very important problem is to correctly define the optimal technical solutions and technologies for utilization of machine pruning of fruit trees and vines, which will increase the energy efficiency of the production. Outdated technologies, extensive production and inefficient consumption of energy in our country environment, haven’t been helping in the suitable application of the collecting, preparing and using of the remains of the pruning. The prerequisite for the study of the economic and technical feasibility for the using of pruning residues (biomaterials) are the information about the quantity, the energy potential, the workmanship, the transportability, the price, the storage convenience, the preservation and the combustion. The essential starting point for this research is the annually definition of the energy potential of the pruning residues.

Savremene tehnologije voćarsko-vinogradarske proizvodnje podrazumevaju sprovođenje intenzivne rezidbe zasada gde nastaju znatne količine biljnih ostatka koji predstavljaju biomasu znatne ekološke i energetske vrednosti. Dobijanje toplotne energije i upotreba ostataka rezidbe kao biomase značajna je sa stanovišta zaštite okoline, zbog zatvorenog ciklusa emisije i potrošnje CO2. Ostaci rezidbe u zasadima predstavljaju problem u sprovođenju agrotehničkih mera, tako da je neophodno njihovo iznošenje sa navedenih površina. Ograničene rezerve fosilnih goriva i veliko zagađenje životne sredine nameću potrebu iznalaženja alternativnih i obnovljivih izvora energije koji istovremeno smanjuju ekološko zagađenje. Veoma aktuelni problem predstavlja definisanje optimalnih tehnologija i tehničkih rešenja mašina za korišćenje ostataka rezidbe voćaka i vinove loze, što znatno povećava energetsku efikasnost ove proizvodnje. Zastarele tehnologije, ekstenzivna proizvodnja i neracionalno raspolaganje energijom, u našim uslovima, prikupljanje, obrada, priprema i korišćenje biljnih ostataka nisu našli adekvatnu primenu. Preduslov za istraživanje ekonomske i tehničke opravdanosti korišćenja ostataka rezidbe (biomaterijala) predstavljaju podaci o količini, energetskom potencijalu, načinu obrade, transportabilnosti, ceni, pogodnosti za skladištenje, čuvanje i sagorevanje. Najznačajnije polazište tom istraživanju je definisanje energetskog potencijala ostataka rezidbe na godišnjem nivou.