Influence of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Uneven Distribution on Its Serological Detection in Tomato, Pepper and Ornamentals
Uticaj neravnomerne distribucije virusa bronzavosti paradajza na serološko dokazivanje virusa u paradajzu, paprici i ukrasnim biljkama
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Author
Djekic, Ivana
Bulajic, Aleksandra
Vucurovic, Ana
Ristic, Danijela
Krstic, Branka
Keywords
Tomato spotted wilt virusTomato
Pepper
Ornamentals
Uneven distribution
ELISA
Virus bronzavosti paradajza
paradajz
paprika
ukrasne biljke
neravnomerna distribucija
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Show full item recordAbstract
Reliable detection of plant pathogens does not only mean the development of sufficiently
sensitive laboratory techniques for their routine testing. Regardless of the sensitivity of applied methods, the proper selection of samples to be tested has crucial influence on
method reliability. Due to uneven distribution of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in naturally
infected systemic host plants, the collection and sampling of material for assaying is a
critical moment upon which the reliability of laboratory procedure depends.
The effect of irregular virus distribution on its serological detection was examined in
tomato, pepper and four ornamental species, as its most important host plants in our country.
The reliability of virus detection, depending on its uneven distribution, was assessed
by serological testing of tomato and pepper symptomatic leaves and fruits, and symptomatic
and asymptomatic young and old leaves, as well as flower petals of ornamentals.
Although TSWV was detected using ELISA in the majority of plants included in the experiment,
the tests indicated an uneven distribution and unequal concentrations of TSWV in
different parts of the plants. The virus could not be detected in a certain number of subsamples,
prepared from infected tomato and pepper fruits and older ornamental leaves.
The virus also could not be detected in some ornamentals and tomato plants with intensive
symptoms. Conversely, the virus was detected in three ornamental plants without any
symptoms. Examining the virus distribution in different plant parts indicated that the reliability
of ELISA could be reached not only by sampling younger ornamental leaves, but also
by preparing compound samples with as much leaves as possible, or by testing a greater
number of subsamples of the tested plant. Considering a small possibility of TSWV detection
in tomato and pepper fruits, the infection of these should be established by testing
their leaves. Besides, the data show that negative test results for the known host plants
with characteristic symptoms require tests to be repeated using more sensitive methods
than ELISA.
These results are important as guidelines for growers and professionals who submit
samples, as well as for laboratories performing routine testing. Pouzdana detekcija fitopatogenih organizama ne podrazumeva samo razvijanje dovoljno
osetljivih laboratorijskih tehnika za rutinsko testiranje. Bez obzira koliko primenjene metode
bile osetljive, na njihovu pouzdanost presudno utiče pravilan izbor uzoraka koji će se
testirati. Za virus bronzavosti paradajza (Tomato spotted wilt virus, TSWV), zbog neravnomerne
distribucije u sistemično zaraženim biljkama domaćinima, prikupljanje i priprema uzoraka
za testiranje predstavljaju kritični momenat od koga zavisi pouzdanost laboratorijske
metode.
Sprovedena su ispitivanja uticaja neravnomerne distribucije virusa u paradajzu, paprici
i četiri vrste ukrasnih biljaka, kao najznačajnijim domaćinima ovog virusa u našoj zemlji.
Pouzdanost detekcije virusa, u zavisnosti od njegove neravnomerne distribucije, utvrđivana
je serološkim testiranjem lišća i plodova paradajza i paprike sa simptomima i simptomatičnog
i asimptomatičnog mlađeg i starijeg lišća, kao i kruničnih listića ukrasnih biljaka.
Iako je primenom ELISA metode TSWV dokazan u većini biljaka uključenih u eksperiment,
obavljena testiranja ukazala su na neravnomernu distribuciju i različitu koncentraciju
TSWV u različitim delovima biljaka. Prisustvo virusa nije moglo biti dokazano u određenom
broju poduzoraka pripremljenih od zaraženih biljaka, plodova paradajza i paprike
i starijeg lišća ukrasnih biljaka. Virus nije mogao biti detektovan ni u nekim ukrasnim biljkama
i biljkama paradajza sa izraženim simptomima. Nasuprot tome, TSWV je dokazan u
tri ukrasne biljke bez simptoma. Ispitivanja distribucije virusa u biljci ukazala su da se pouzdanost
ELISA metode može postići uzorkovanjem ne samo mlađeg lišća ukrasnih biljaka,
već pripremom zbirnog uzorka sa što više listova ili ispitivanjem većeg broja poduzoraka
biljke koja se testira. S obzirom na malu mogućnost detekcije TSWV u plodovima paradajza
i paprike, utvrđivanje zaraženosti ovih biljaka treba obaviti testiranjem lišća.
Pored toga, dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da je u slučaju pojave negativnih rezultata testiranjem
uzoraka sa karakterističnim simptomima na poznatim domaćinima, potrebno ponoviti
testiranje osetljivijim metodama od ELISA. Dobijeni rezultati značajni su kao smernica za proizvođače i stručna lica koja dostavljaju uzorke i laboratorije zadužene za rutinska
testiranja.