Systems of organic farming in spring vetch I: Biological response of sucking insect pests
Sistemi organske proizvodnje obične grahorice I: Biološki odgovor insekata koji se hrane biljnim sokom
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Author
Nikolova, Ivelina
Georgieva, Natalia
Keywords
Organic farmingSpring vetch
Sucking insects
Biopesticides
Organska proizvodnja
Insekti koji se hrane biljnim sokom
Biopesticidi
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Four systems of organic farming and a conventional farming system were studied over
the period 2012-2014. The organic system trial variants included: I – an organic farming system
without any biological products used (growth under natural soil fertility) – Control; II – an
organic farming system involving the use of a biological foliar fertilizer and a biological plant
growth regulator (Polyversum+Biofa); III – an organic farming system in which a biological
insecticide (NeemAzal T/S) was used; IV – an organic farming system including a combination
of three organic products: the foliar fertilizer, the plant growth regulator and the bioinsecticide
(Polyversum+Biofa+NeemAzal T/S). Variant V represented a conventional farming system in
which synthetic products were used in combination (foliar fertilizer, plant growth regulator and
insecticide: Masterblend+Flordimex 420+Nurelle D). Treatment of vetch plants with the biological
insecticide NeemAzal in combination with Biofa and Polyversum resulted in the lowest density
of sucking pests, compared to all other organic farming methods tested (i.e. without NeemAzal,
with NeemAzal alone, and its combination with Biofa and Polyversum). The greatest reduction in
pest numbers during the vegetation period in that variant was observed in species of the order
Thysanoptera (36.0-41.4%), followed by Hemiptera, and the families Aphididae (31.6-40.3%) and
Cicadellidae (27.3-28.6%). This combination showed an efficient synergistic interaction and an
increase in biological efficacy as compared to individual application of NeemAzal. The highest
toxic impact was found against Thrips tabaci, followed by Acyrthosiphon pisum. An analysis of
variance regarding the efficacy against the species A. pisum, E. pteridis and T. tabaci showed
that type of treatment had the most dominant influence and statistically significant impact. Proučavana su četiri sistema organske proizvodnje i jedan klasičan sistem u periodu od
2012 do 2014. Varijante organske proizvodnje su bile: I – sistem organske proizvodnje bez
upotrebe bioloških proizvoda (uslovi prirodne plodnosti zemljišta) – kontrola; II – sistem
organske proizvodnje sa upotrebom folijarnog biološkog đubriva i biološkog regulatora rasta
(Polyversum+Biofa); III – sistem organske proizvodnje sa upotrebom biološkog insekticida
(NeemAzal T/S); IV – sistem organske proizvodnje sa upotrebom kombinacije tri organska
proizvoda: folijarnog đubriva, regulatora rasta i bioinsekticida (Polyversum+Biofa+NeemAzal T/S).
Varijanta V predstavljala je konvencionalni sistem proizvodnje u kom je korišćena kombinacija
sintetičkih proizvoda (folijaro đubrivo, regulator rasta i insekticid: Masterblend+Flordimex
420+Nurelle D). Tretman grahorice biološkim insekticidom NeemAzal u kombinaciji sa
preparatima Biofa i Polyversum dao je najmanju gustinu štetočina koje se hrane isisavanjem
biljnog soka u poređenju sa ostalim ispitivanim metodama (bez NeemAzal, samo sa NeemAzal i
u kombinaciji sa Biofa i Polyversum). Najizrazitije smanjenje brojnosti štetočina tokom vegetacije
u toj varijanti zabeležen je kod vrsta iz redova Thysanoptera (36,0-41,4%) i Hemiptera, kao i
familija Aphididae (31,6-40,3%) i Cicadellidae (27,3-28,6%). Ta kombinacija je pokazala efikasno
sinergično delovanje i povišenu biološku efikasnost u poređenju sa primenom bioinsekticida
pojedinačno. Najsnažniji toksični uticaj zabeležen je kod Thrips tabaci, kao i kod Acyrthosiphon
pisum. Analiza varijanse za efikasnost protiv vrsta A. pisum, E. pteridis i T. tabaci pokazala je da
je tip tretmana imao dominant i statistički značajan uticaj.