Potential Use of Insecticides and Mineral Oils for the Control of Transmission of Major Aphid-Transmitted Potato Viruses

Abstract

Viruses occurring in Serbia and other countries in the region are a huge problem constraining seed potato production. At lower altitudes, in lowland and hilly regions, where table potato production is widely distributed, more than 50% of healthy plants become infected with potato virus Y during one growing season. Under these conditions, seed potato production is hindered due to a high infection pressure of potato virus Y which spreads far more rapidly compared to leaf roll virus, virus S and other viruses hosted by this plant species. This study tended to clarify a frequent dilemma regarding the use of insecticides in preventing the infection of healthy plants with potato virus Y and leaf roll virus, given the oral and written recommendations from pesticide manufacturers, agronomists and scientists in the field of crop protection arising from a logical conclusion that aphid vector control results in virus transmission control. The present findings, which are in agreement with reports of authors from other countries, show that the use of insecticides is ineffective in preventing potato virus Y which is nonpersistently transmitted by aphids from an external source of infection. However, insecticides can exhibit efficacy in preventing potato virus Y transmission from infected plants to healthy plants within a crop, which can have an overall positive effect only if seed potato is grown in areas that have no external source of infection. The present results and those of other authors show that insecticides are effective in preventing the infection of healthy plants with persistently transmitted leaf roll virus. Mineral oils provide effective control of potato virus Y by preventing the infection of potato plants with the virus. They can be combined with other management practices to protect seed potato crops against the virus. Given the fact that the initial first-year infection of healthy potato plants with virus Y in relation to leaf roll virus is approximately 10-20:1 under conditions in Serbia, and that the use of insecticides fails to ensure protection against PVY, this practice cannot have any positive effect on virus control under high infection pressure conditions.

Virusi u Srbiji i državama regiona predstavljaju veliki problem i ograničavajući činilac u proizvodnji semenskog krompira. Na nižim nadmorskim visinama, u ravničarskim i brdskim područjima, gde je raširena proizvodnja konzumnog krompira, Y virusom se zarazi u toku jedne vegetacije više od 50% zdravih biljaka. U takvim uslovima nije moguća proizvodnja semenskog krompira zbog visokog infekcijskog pritiska Y virusom krompira koji se znatno brže širi u odnosu na virus uvijenosti lišća, S virus krompira i druge viruse čiji je ova biljka domaćin. U ovom radu smo pokušali razjasniti dilemu, koja se često nameće, da li ima efekta primena insekticida u cilju sprečavanja zaraze zdravih biljaka Y i virusom uvijenosti lišća krompira s obzirom na usmene i pisane preporuke, proizvođača pesticida, agronoma i naučnih radnika iz oblasti zaštite bilja, koje nastaju kao posledica logičkog zaključivanja da suzbijanjem vektora, biljnih vaši, suzbijamo i prenošenje virusa. Rezultati naših istraživanja, što je u saglasnosti i sa rezultatima istraživača iz drugih zemalja, pokazuju da primena insekticida nema efekta na sprečavanje prenošenja Y virusa, koji se vašima prenosi na neperzistentan način, sa spoljnog izvora zaraze. Međutim, primena insekticida može imati efekta u sprečavanju prenošenja Y-VKr sa zaraženih na zdrave biljake unutar useva krompira, a to može imati ukupan pozitivni efekat samo ako se semenski krompir uzgaja u područjima bez spoljnog izvora zaraze. Naši, i rezultati drugih istraživača pokazuju da primena insekticida radi sprečavanja zaraze zdravih biljaka virusom uvijenosti lišća koji se prenosi na perzistentan način ima efekta. U zaštiti biljaka krompira od infekcije Y-VKr su efikasna mineralna ulja koja sprečavaju infekciju biljaka ovim virusom i koja se mogu koristiti sa drugim merama u sistemu zaštite semenskog useva krompira od ovog virusa. S obzirom na činjenicu da je, u našim uslovima, početna jednogodišnja zaraza zdravih biljaka krompira Y virusom u odnosu na virus uvijenosti lišća približno 10-20:1, a primena insekticida ne osigurava zaštitu od Y-VKr, onda ova mera ne može imati nikakvog pozitivnog efekta u suzbijanju virusa u uslovima visokog infekcijskog pritiska.